Glycerol-based retrievable heterogeneous catalysts for single-pot esterification of palm fatty acid distillate to biodiesel
The by-product of the previous transesterification, glycerol was utilised as an acid catalyst precursor for biodiesel production. The crude glycerol was treated through the sulfonation method with sulfuric acid and chlorosulfonic acid in a reflux batch reactor giving solid glycerol-SO3H and glycerol...
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Main Authors: | Hazmi, Balkis, Beygisangchin, Mahnoush, Rashid, Umer, Wan Mokhtar, Wan Nur Aini, Tsubota, Toshiki, Alsalme, Ali, Ngamcharussrivichai, Chawalit |
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Format: | Article |
Published: |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2022
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Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101640/ https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/20/7142 |
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