Meso- and macroporous sulfonated starch solid acid catalyst for esterification of palm fatty acid distillate

• Main Authors: Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman, Rashid, Umer, Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: King Saud University 2016
• Online Access: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/47382/1/Meso-%20and%20macroporous%20sulfonated%20starch%20solid%20acid%20catalyst%20for%20esterification%20of%20palm%20fatty%20acid%20distillate.pdf; http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/47382/; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535215002063

In the present work, a heterogeneous solid acid catalyst was successfully developed from starch. The catalyst was prepared by a significant two-step process; the initial step was incomplete carbonization of starch (ICS) at 400°C for 12 h and consequently followed by sulfonation process using concent...