Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus malesianus Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation via Suppression of AKT/NF-κB and ERK Signaling Pathways
Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response in any part of the central nervous system triggered by the activation of microglia and astrocytes to produce proinflammatory cytokines in the brain. However, overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines further contributes to the development of neurodegen...
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my.sunway.eprints.31092024-08-13T05:30:58Z http://eprints.sunway.edu.my/3109/ Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus malesianus Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation via Suppression of AKT/NF-κB and ERK Signaling Pathways Lai, Nicole Jean Yean Ngu, Ee Ling Pang, Jun Rui Wong, Kah Hui Ardianto, Chrismawan Long, Chiau Ming * Lim, Siew Huah Walvekar, Shweta Gangasa Ayaz, Anwar Yow, Yoon Yen * QK Botany QP Physiology RB Pathology Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response in any part of the central nervous system triggered by the activation of microglia and astrocytes to produce proinflammatory cytokines in the brain. However, overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines further contributes to the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Red seaweed, Kappaphycus malesianus, is a predominant carrageenophyte commercially cultivated in Semporna, Sabah, Malaysia. It is an important source of raw material for kappa-carrageenan productions in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. However, no studies have been conducted focusing on the antineuroinflammatory effects of K. malesianus. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the antineuroinflammatory activity of K. malesianus extracts (ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol) on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglia and the underlying mechanisms involved in the regulation of neuroinflammatory pathways. Extract with the most promising antineuroinflammatory activity was analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Our results show that methanol extract has a convincing antineuroinflammatory effect by suppressing both AKT/NF-κB and ERK signaling pathways to inhibit the expression of all proinflammatory cytokines without causing a cytotoxicity effect. LC-MS analysis of methanol extract revealed two compounds: prosopinine and eplerenone. Our findings indicated that metabolites of K. malesianus are potent antineuroinflammatory agents with respect to prevention of neurological disorders. MDPI 2022 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_4 http://eprints.sunway.edu.my/3109/1/Long%20Chiau%20Ming_Carrageenophyte%20kappaphycus%20malesianus%20inhibits.pdf Lai, Nicole Jean Yean and Ngu, Ee Ling and Pang, Jun Rui and Wong, Kah Hui and Ardianto, Chrismawan and Long, Chiau Ming * and Lim, Siew Huah and Walvekar, Shweta Gangasa and Ayaz, Anwar and Yow, Yoon Yen * (2022) Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus malesianus Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation via Suppression of AKT/NF-κB and ERK Signaling Pathways. Marine Drugs, 20 (8). ISSN 1660-3397 https://doi.org/10.3390/md20080534 10.3390/md20080534 |
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QK Botany QP Physiology RB Pathology Lai, Nicole Jean Yean Ngu, Ee Ling Pang, Jun Rui Wong, Kah Hui Ardianto, Chrismawan Long, Chiau Ming * Lim, Siew Huah Walvekar, Shweta Gangasa Ayaz, Anwar Yow, Yoon Yen * Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus malesianus Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation via Suppression of AKT/NF-κB and ERK Signaling Pathways |
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Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response in any part of the central nervous system triggered by the activation of microglia and astrocytes to produce proinflammatory cytokines in the brain. However, overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines further contributes to the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Red seaweed, Kappaphycus malesianus, is a predominant carrageenophyte commercially cultivated in Semporna, Sabah, Malaysia. It is an important source of raw material for kappa-carrageenan productions in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. However, no studies have been conducted focusing on the antineuroinflammatory effects of K. malesianus. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the antineuroinflammatory activity of K. malesianus extracts (ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol) on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglia and the underlying mechanisms involved in the regulation of neuroinflammatory pathways. Extract with the most promising antineuroinflammatory activity was analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Our results show that methanol extract has a convincing antineuroinflammatory effect by suppressing both AKT/NF-κB and ERK signaling pathways to inhibit the expression of all proinflammatory cytokines without causing a cytotoxicity effect. LC-MS analysis of methanol extract revealed two compounds: prosopinine and eplerenone. Our findings indicated that metabolites of K. malesianus are potent antineuroinflammatory agents with respect to prevention of neurological disorders. |
format |
Article |
author |
Lai, Nicole Jean Yean Ngu, Ee Ling Pang, Jun Rui Wong, Kah Hui Ardianto, Chrismawan Long, Chiau Ming * Lim, Siew Huah Walvekar, Shweta Gangasa Ayaz, Anwar Yow, Yoon Yen * |
author_facet |
Lai, Nicole Jean Yean Ngu, Ee Ling Pang, Jun Rui Wong, Kah Hui Ardianto, Chrismawan Long, Chiau Ming * Lim, Siew Huah Walvekar, Shweta Gangasa Ayaz, Anwar Yow, Yoon Yen * |
author_sort |
Lai, Nicole Jean Yean |
title |
Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus malesianus Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation via Suppression of AKT/NF-κB and ERK Signaling Pathways |
title_short |
Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus malesianus Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation via Suppression of AKT/NF-κB and ERK Signaling Pathways |
title_full |
Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus malesianus Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation via Suppression of AKT/NF-κB and ERK Signaling Pathways |
title_fullStr |
Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus malesianus Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation via Suppression of AKT/NF-κB and ERK Signaling Pathways |
title_full_unstemmed |
Carrageenophyte Kappaphycus malesianus Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation via Suppression of AKT/NF-κB and ERK Signaling Pathways |
title_sort |
carrageenophyte kappaphycus malesianus inhibits microglia-mediated neuroinflammation via suppression of akt/nf-κb and erk signaling pathways |
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MDPI |
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2022 |
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http://eprints.sunway.edu.my/3109/1/Long%20Chiau%20Ming_Carrageenophyte%20kappaphycus%20malesianus%20inhibits.pdf http://eprints.sunway.edu.my/3109/ https://doi.org/10.3390/md20080534 |
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1808975643038187520 |
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13.19449 |