Screening of factors influencing the yield of Citrus hystrix leaves essential oil extracted via pressurized hot water extraction based on resolution V fractional factorial design

• Main Authors: Abdul Halim, Noor Amirah, Zainal Abidin, Zurina, Siajam, Shamsul Izhar, Chong, Gun Hean, Harun, Mohd Razif
• Format: Article
• Published: Wiley 2020
• Online Access: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87536/; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jfpe.13531

Pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) could be a better alternative in enhancing the yield of valuable Citrus hystrix leaves essential oil. Thus, the fractional factorial design based on resolution V was used to assess the crucial factors that affect the essential oil yield (%Y) extracted from Citrus hystrix leaves through a PHWE. A maximum Y% of 1.63% was successfully isolated at conditions involving 0.08% moisture content, 1 mm particle size, 1:0.2 ml/g solvent-to-sample ratio, 30 min extraction time, and 120°C extraction temperature. Moisture content and particle size were the main effects that significantly affect the %Y, while the extraction time and solvent-to-sample ratio exhibited a moderate effect on %Y, followed by extraction temperature that showed the least effect on %Y. A developed regression model has shown good correlation and adequacy on %Y. Based on the compositional analysis, neoisopulegol hydrate appears to be the main constituents of the oil obtained.