Nutritional composition, phytochemicals and acute toxicity of herbal mixture (lemon, apple cider, garlic, ginger and honey) in Zebrafish embryo and Wistar rat

This study was aimed to provide the reference frame for the safe dose design of polyphenol-rich herbal mixture, which consist of lemon, apple cider, garlic, ginger and honey (PRM) for the future efficacy study. Prior to this, the nutritional composition was first conducted and the identification of...

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Main Authors: Abu Bakar Sajak, Azliana, Azlan, Azrina, Abas, Faridah, Hamzah, Hazilawati
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Rynnye Lyan Resources 2020
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86945/1/Nutritional%20composition%2C%20phytochemicals.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86945/
https://www.myfoodresearch.com/vol-49474supplementary-1.html
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spelling my.upm.eprints.869452022-01-07T08:41:22Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86945/ Nutritional composition, phytochemicals and acute toxicity of herbal mixture (lemon, apple cider, garlic, ginger and honey) in Zebrafish embryo and Wistar rat Abu Bakar Sajak, Azliana Azlan, Azrina Abas, Faridah Hamzah, Hazilawati This study was aimed to provide the reference frame for the safe dose design of polyphenol-rich herbal mixture, which consist of lemon, apple cider, garlic, ginger and honey (PRM) for the future efficacy study. Prior to this, the nutritional composition was first conducted and the identification of metabolites that present in PRM was determined using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The acute toxicity of the PRM was then evaluated in zebrafish embryo and Wistar rats following The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The PRM nutritional composition and sugar profile showed it was high in carbohydrate, ash and protein and the main sugar is fructose. It also contains metabolites such as fructosefuranose, lactic acid, ascorbic acid, acetic acid, cycloalliin, pyruvate, 5- hydroxymethylfurane, α- and β-glucose. From the zebrafish embryo acute toxicity result, the lethal concentration, LC50 of PRM was at 487.50 μg/mL. Meanwhile, in Wistar rats’ model, no lethality was observed in the group treated with PRM at the end of the study (14 days). No changes were also observed from the behavioural and appetite as well as the biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, total protein and creatinine) of the treated group. Therefore, the safe dose for PRM can be up to 2000 mg/kg b.w. in Wistar rats and below 487.50 μg/mL in zebrafish embryo model. Rynnye Lyan Resources 2020-02 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86945/1/Nutritional%20composition%2C%20phytochemicals.pdf Abu Bakar Sajak, Azliana and Azlan, Azrina and Abas, Faridah and Hamzah, Hazilawati (2020) Nutritional composition, phytochemicals and acute toxicity of herbal mixture (lemon, apple cider, garlic, ginger and honey) in Zebrafish embryo and Wistar rat. Food Research, 4 (suppl.1). 196 - 204. ISSN 2550-2166 https://www.myfoodresearch.com/vol-49474supplementary-1.html 10.26656/fr.2017.4(S1).S11
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
description This study was aimed to provide the reference frame for the safe dose design of polyphenol-rich herbal mixture, which consist of lemon, apple cider, garlic, ginger and honey (PRM) for the future efficacy study. Prior to this, the nutritional composition was first conducted and the identification of metabolites that present in PRM was determined using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The acute toxicity of the PRM was then evaluated in zebrafish embryo and Wistar rats following The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The PRM nutritional composition and sugar profile showed it was high in carbohydrate, ash and protein and the main sugar is fructose. It also contains metabolites such as fructosefuranose, lactic acid, ascorbic acid, acetic acid, cycloalliin, pyruvate, 5- hydroxymethylfurane, α- and β-glucose. From the zebrafish embryo acute toxicity result, the lethal concentration, LC50 of PRM was at 487.50 μg/mL. Meanwhile, in Wistar rats’ model, no lethality was observed in the group treated with PRM at the end of the study (14 days). No changes were also observed from the behavioural and appetite as well as the biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, total protein and creatinine) of the treated group. Therefore, the safe dose for PRM can be up to 2000 mg/kg b.w. in Wistar rats and below 487.50 μg/mL in zebrafish embryo model.
format Article
author Abu Bakar Sajak, Azliana
Azlan, Azrina
Abas, Faridah
Hamzah, Hazilawati
spellingShingle Abu Bakar Sajak, Azliana
Azlan, Azrina
Abas, Faridah
Hamzah, Hazilawati
Nutritional composition, phytochemicals and acute toxicity of herbal mixture (lemon, apple cider, garlic, ginger and honey) in Zebrafish embryo and Wistar rat
author_facet Abu Bakar Sajak, Azliana
Azlan, Azrina
Abas, Faridah
Hamzah, Hazilawati
author_sort Abu Bakar Sajak, Azliana
title Nutritional composition, phytochemicals and acute toxicity of herbal mixture (lemon, apple cider, garlic, ginger and honey) in Zebrafish embryo and Wistar rat
title_short Nutritional composition, phytochemicals and acute toxicity of herbal mixture (lemon, apple cider, garlic, ginger and honey) in Zebrafish embryo and Wistar rat
title_full Nutritional composition, phytochemicals and acute toxicity of herbal mixture (lemon, apple cider, garlic, ginger and honey) in Zebrafish embryo and Wistar rat
title_fullStr Nutritional composition, phytochemicals and acute toxicity of herbal mixture (lemon, apple cider, garlic, ginger and honey) in Zebrafish embryo and Wistar rat
title_full_unstemmed Nutritional composition, phytochemicals and acute toxicity of herbal mixture (lemon, apple cider, garlic, ginger and honey) in Zebrafish embryo and Wistar rat
title_sort nutritional composition, phytochemicals and acute toxicity of herbal mixture (lemon, apple cider, garlic, ginger and honey) in zebrafish embryo and wistar rat
publisher Rynnye Lyan Resources
publishDate 2020
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86945/1/Nutritional%20composition%2C%20phytochemicals.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86945/
https://www.myfoodresearch.com/vol-49474supplementary-1.html
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score 13.160551