Anti-allergic effect of Clinacanthus nutans aqueous extract: protection against IgE-mediated passive systemic anaphylaxis

• Main Authors: Kow, Audrey, Khoo, Leng Wei, Lee, Ming Tatt, Daud, Ahmad Israf, Abas, Faridah, Tham, Chau Ling
• Format: Conference or Workshop Item
• Language: English
• Published: 2016
• Online Access: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/46518/1/Anti-allergic%20effect%20of%20Clinacanthus%20nutans%20aqueous%20extract.pdf; http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/46518/; https://www.omicsonline.org/proceedings/antiallergic-effect-of-clinacanthus-nutans-aqueous-extract-protection-against-igemediated-passive-systemic-anaphylaxis-47042.html

Introduction: Anaphylaxis is a serious, rapid and potentially life-threatening allergic response involving IgE or IgG. Clinacanthus nutans, a small native shrub found in tropical Asia possess analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities and traditionally used for skin rashes, insect and snake-bites. In Thailand, alcoholic C. nutans extracts has been used topically for skin rashes, a symptom of allergy. Aim: To justify that C. nutans can treat skin rashes; this study investigated the anti-allergenicity of C. nutans extracts. Methods: Cytotoxicity of C. nutans extracts was evaluated by MTT on RBL-2H3. The most active C. nutans extract was determined by IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation. Acute toxicity of C. nutans aqueous extract was evaluated using female Sprague Dawley rats at 5000 mg/kg. Anti-allergenicity of C. nutans aqueous extract was studied by IgE-mediated passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA). The release of preformed mediator (β-hexosaminidase) as well as newly synthesized mediators (TNF-α, IL-4 and LTC4) was evaluated. Results: C. nutans extracts were not cytotoxic up to 1 mg/ml (ethanolic) and 6 mg/ml (aqueous). In vitro, C. nutans aqueous extract was able to inhibit the release of preformed mediators but not newly synthesized mediators at 5 mg/ml. The ethanolic extracts were not able to inhibit all mediators tested. At 5000 mg/kg, C. nutans aqueous extract was non-toxic to the rats; no significant difference observed haematologically and biochemically. In vivo, C. nutans aqueous extract did not inhibit mediators of IgE-mediated PSA at 500 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg. Conclusion: C. nutans aqueous extract was most active but could not inhibit mediators of IgE-mediated PSA. As anaphylaxis could be mediated by IgE orIgG, we postulate that C. nutans aqueous extract may exhibit its anti-allergenicity in IgG-mediated pathway.