Environmentally friendly starch-based adhesives for bonding high-performance wood composites: a review

• Main Authors: Maulana, Muhammad Iqbal, Lubis, Muhammad Adly Rahandi, Febrianto, Fauzi, Lee, Seng Hua, Iswanto, Apri Heri, Antov, Petar, Kristak, Lubos, Efri Mardawati, Rita Kartika Sari, Zaini, Lukmanul Hakim, Hidayat, Wahyu, Giudice, Valentina Lo, Todaro, Luigi
• Format: Article
• Published: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2022
• Online Access: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101284/; https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/10/1614

In recent years, bio-based wood adhesives have gained an increased industrial and research interest as an environmentally friendly and renewable alternative to the commercial petroleum-based synthetic adhesives used in the wood-based industry. Due to its renewability, abundance, relatively low price, and good adhesion properties, starch is a promising natural feedstock for synthesizing bio-based adhesives for wood-based composites. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in developing sustainable starch-based wood adhesives for manufacturing non-toxic, low-emission wood composites with enhanced properties and lower environmental impact. Recent developments in starch modification, physical, and enzymatic treatments applied to improve the performance of starch-based wood adhesives, mainly in terms of improving their water resistance and bonding strength, are also outlined and discussed.