Feasibility of coal bottom ash as fine aggregate in strain-hardening cementitious composites: A study on strength, durability, and sustainability

• Main Authors: Abdulkadir I., Ean L.W., Wong L.S., Murali G., Mohammed B.S., Amin N.A.M.B.M., Jaafar R.A.H.B.R.
• Other Authors: 57218298049
• Format: Article
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 2025
• Subjects: Acid resistance; Coal ash; Strain hardening; Ash contents; Bottom ash; CO 2 emission; Coal bottom ash; Cost effective; Fine aggregates; Fresh properties; Mechanical; Property; Strain-hardening cementitious composites; Silica sand

The search for cost-effective and sustainable materials for strain-hardening cementitious composites (SHCC) has led researchers to explore alternatives to silica sand, a critical yet costly and environmentally unfavorable material. Although river sand seems like a cheaper and viable alternative, its...