Comparison of different heterogeneous catalysts for the estolides synthesis from oleic acid

• Main Authors: Nordin N.A.M., Adnan N.F., Hamzah N., Isahak W.N.R.W., Ayatillah A., Salimon J., Yarmo M.A., Kamaruddin R.A.
• Other Authors: 36782660400
• Format: Conference Paper
• Published: 2023
• Subjects: Alumina; Estolide synthesis; Oleic acid; Silica; Silica gel; Addition reactions; Aluminum; Catalyst selectivity; Gels; Inorganic acids; Nanostructured materials; Silicon compounds; Synthesis (chemical); Unsaturated fatty acids; Chromatographic peaks; Estolides; Heterogeneous catalyst; Optimum loading; Perchloric acids; XPS analysis; Catalyst supports

Different catalysts, namely various loading of perchloric acid on various supports; HClO4/silica (SiO2), HClO4/silica gel (SG) and HClO4/alumina (Al2O3) were tested for the direct addition reaction of oleic acid (OA) to form estolide compounds. The reactions were carried out under vacuum (2 mBar) fo...