Comparison of different heterogeneous catalysts for the estolides synthesis from oleic acid
Different catalysts, namely various loading of perchloric acid on various supports; HClO4/silica (SiO2), HClO4/silica gel (SG) and HClO4/alumina (Al2O3) were tested for the direct addition reaction of oleic acid (OA) to form estolide compounds. The reactions were carried out under vacuum (2 mBar) fo...
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my.uniten.dspace-303902024-04-18T10:59:29Z Comparison of different heterogeneous catalysts for the estolides synthesis from oleic acid Nordin N.A.M. Adnan N.F. Hamzah N. Isahak W.N.R.W. Ayatillah A. Salimon J. Yarmo M.A. Kamaruddin R.A. 36782660400 36781760300 56036721300 57208034136 54402316300 24767236500 6602649833 36796984100 Alumina Estolide synthesis Oleic acid Silica Silica gel Addition reactions Alumina Aluminum Catalyst selectivity Gels Inorganic acids Nanostructured materials Oleic acid Silica Silica gel Silicon compounds Synthesis (chemical) Unsaturated fatty acids Chromatographic peaks Estolides Heterogeneous catalyst Optimum loading Perchloric acids XPS analysis Catalyst supports Different catalysts, namely various loading of perchloric acid on various supports; HClO4/silica (SiO2), HClO4/silica gel (SG) and HClO4/alumina (Al2O3) were tested for the direct addition reaction of oleic acid (OA) to form estolide compounds. The reactions were carried out under vacuum (2 mBar) for 10 hours at 70 �C under solvent-less conditions. LC-MS ToF of reaction products results showed chromatographic peaks for the presence of two new estolide compounds, oleic-oleic monoestolide acid (m/z 563.51, as [M-H]-), and oleic-oleic diestolide acid (m/z 845.77 [M-H]-). The optimum loading of HClO4 for every support are 15 wt.% HClO4/SiO2 (SiO215), 10 wt.% HClO4/SG (SG10) and 35 wt.% HClO4/Al 2O3 (Al2O335). The SG10 turned out to be the best catalyst, achieving a final conversion of 97.5 % with 79.8 % selectivity to oleic-oleic monoestolide acid and 17.7 % selectivity to oleic-oleic diestolide acid. The activity and selectivity of the SG10 have been investigated and compared with homogeneous HClO4. The optimum catalysts for every support were characterized by XPS analysis, BET, TEM and TPD-NH3. Final 2023-12-29T07:47:20Z 2023-12-29T07:47:20Z 2012 Conference Paper 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.364.288 2-s2.0-81855218157 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-81855218157&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fAMR.364.288&partnerID=40&md5=526fb163f2f78d358c40ade0deabeb78 https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/30390 364 288 292 Scopus |
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Alumina Estolide synthesis Oleic acid Silica Silica gel Addition reactions Alumina Aluminum Catalyst selectivity Gels Inorganic acids Nanostructured materials Oleic acid Silica Silica gel Silicon compounds Synthesis (chemical) Unsaturated fatty acids Chromatographic peaks Estolides Heterogeneous catalyst Optimum loading Perchloric acids XPS analysis Catalyst supports |
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Alumina Estolide synthesis Oleic acid Silica Silica gel Addition reactions Alumina Aluminum Catalyst selectivity Gels Inorganic acids Nanostructured materials Oleic acid Silica Silica gel Silicon compounds Synthesis (chemical) Unsaturated fatty acids Chromatographic peaks Estolides Heterogeneous catalyst Optimum loading Perchloric acids XPS analysis Catalyst supports Nordin N.A.M. Adnan N.F. Hamzah N. Isahak W.N.R.W. Ayatillah A. Salimon J. Yarmo M.A. Kamaruddin R.A. Comparison of different heterogeneous catalysts for the estolides synthesis from oleic acid |
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Different catalysts, namely various loading of perchloric acid on various supports; HClO4/silica (SiO2), HClO4/silica gel (SG) and HClO4/alumina (Al2O3) were tested for the direct addition reaction of oleic acid (OA) to form estolide compounds. The reactions were carried out under vacuum (2 mBar) for 10 hours at 70 �C under solvent-less conditions. LC-MS ToF of reaction products results showed chromatographic peaks for the presence of two new estolide compounds, oleic-oleic monoestolide acid (m/z 563.51, as [M-H]-), and oleic-oleic diestolide acid (m/z 845.77 [M-H]-). The optimum loading of HClO4 for every support are 15 wt.% HClO4/SiO2 (SiO215), 10 wt.% HClO4/SG (SG10) and 35 wt.% HClO4/Al 2O3 (Al2O335). The SG10 turned out to be the best catalyst, achieving a final conversion of 97.5 % with 79.8 % selectivity to oleic-oleic monoestolide acid and 17.7 % selectivity to oleic-oleic diestolide acid. The activity and selectivity of the SG10 have been investigated and compared with homogeneous HClO4. The optimum catalysts for every support were characterized by XPS analysis, BET, TEM and TPD-NH3. |
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36782660400 |
author_facet |
36782660400 Nordin N.A.M. Adnan N.F. Hamzah N. Isahak W.N.R.W. Ayatillah A. Salimon J. Yarmo M.A. Kamaruddin R.A. |
format |
Conference Paper |
author |
Nordin N.A.M. Adnan N.F. Hamzah N. Isahak W.N.R.W. Ayatillah A. Salimon J. Yarmo M.A. Kamaruddin R.A. |
author_sort |
Nordin N.A.M. |
title |
Comparison of different heterogeneous catalysts for the estolides synthesis from oleic acid |
title_short |
Comparison of different heterogeneous catalysts for the estolides synthesis from oleic acid |
title_full |
Comparison of different heterogeneous catalysts for the estolides synthesis from oleic acid |
title_fullStr |
Comparison of different heterogeneous catalysts for the estolides synthesis from oleic acid |
title_full_unstemmed |
Comparison of different heterogeneous catalysts for the estolides synthesis from oleic acid |
title_sort |
comparison of different heterogeneous catalysts for the estolides synthesis from oleic acid |
publishDate |
2023 |
_version_ |
1806424561312333824 |
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13.18916 |