Salivary and urinary nickel level post orthodontic fixed appliance treatment / Nadia Izyan Muhamad Sabri

• Main Author: Muhamad Sabri, Nadia Izyan
• Format: Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: 2022
• Subjects: Genetic engineering applications
• Online Access: https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/75613/1/75613.pdf; https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/75613/

Nickel is a metallic element widely used in dentistry and orthodontic materials. Although orthodontic appliances are biocompatible, there are documented effects associated with the release of nickel ions such as a higher risk of sensitivity and ion leaching due to intraoral chemical reaction. It has...