Utilizing ultrasonic energy for reduction of free fatty acids in crude palm oil

• Main Authors: Hayyan, Adeeb, Mjalli, Farouq Sabri, Hayyan, Maan, Alnashef, Inas Muen, Mirghani, Mohamed Elwathig Saeed
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Academic Journals 2012
• Subjects: T Technology (General)
• Online Access: http://irep.iium.edu.my/25822/1/Hayyan_et_al.%2C_2012-_African_Journal_of_Biotechnology.pdf; http://irep.iium.edu.my/25822/; http://www.academicjournals.org/ajb/PDF/pdf2012/31Jul/Hayyan%20et%20al.pdf

Recently, biodiesel production from abundant bio-sources has drawn the attention of the academic and the industrial community. In this study, crude palm oil (CPO) containing 8.7% free fatty acid content (FFA) was used as raw material. Different common types of acid catalysts (sulfuric acid, methanes...