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Cyclical and linear progress in history: a comparative analysis of Ibn Khaldun, Hegel, and Toynbee

This article explores the central historiographical debate between cyclical and linear perspectives of historical progress, focusing on the contributions of Ibn Khaldun, Hegel, and Toynbee. Ibn Khaldun's cyclical theory emphasises the rise and fall of civilisations driven by social cohesion...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jalal Nore, Abdul Wahed Jalal Nore, Tahir, Zhilwan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Green Five Solution 2024
Subjects:
D History General and Old World
Online Access:http://irep.iium.edu.my/117109/1/CYCLICAL%2BAND%2BLINEAR%2BPROGRESS%2BIN%2BHISTORY_%2BA%2BCOMPARATIVE%2BANALYSIS%2BOF%2BIBN%2BKHALDUN%2C%2BHEGEL%2C%2BAND%2BTOYNBEE.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/117109/
https://ijssmer.com/pub/ijssmer/article/view/63/67
https://doi.org/10.61421/IJSSMER.2024.2611
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http://irep.iium.edu.my/117109/1/CYCLICAL%2BAND%2BLINEAR%2BPROGRESS%2BIN%2BHISTORY_%2BA%2BCOMPARATIVE%2BANALYSIS%2BOF%2BIBN%2BKHALDUN%2C%2BHEGEL%2C%2BAND%2BTOYNBEE.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/117109/
https://ijssmer.com/pub/ijssmer/article/view/63/67
https://doi.org/10.61421/IJSSMER.2024.2611

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