Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to methanol over ZnFe2O4/TiO2 (p�n) heterojunctions under visible light irradiation

• Main Authors: Iqbal, F., Mumtaz, A., Shahabuddin, S., Abd Mutalib, M.I., Shaharun, M.S., Nguyen, T.D., Khan, M.R., Abdullah, B.
• Format: Article
• Published: John Wiley and Sons Ltd 2020
• Online Access: http://scholars.utp.edu.my/id/eprint/30052/; https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082341707&doi=10.1002%2fjctb.6408&partnerID=40&md5=8dfe55a2d04c0f7669a17ccd4586e02a

BACKGROUND: The development of visible light photocatalysts for CO2 reduction into methanol is a challenge, as most of the reported photocatalysts can only work in a UV light environment. Slow kinetics and poor selectivity of CO2 towards methanol are currently two significant drawbacks limiting the practical application of CO2 reduction into methanol. RESULTS: A ZnFe2O4/TiO2 heterojunction with a ratio of unity was found to lead to the highest methanol yield of 693.31 μmol (g cat)�1 under a light intensity of 100 mW cm�2. This photocatalyst also possessed the highest BET surface area of 6.5211 m2 g�1 and better morphological structure, as compared with other ratios (1:2, 2:1 w/w). Interestingly, a loading of 1 g L�1 of ZnFe2O4/TiO2 (1:1) heterojunction photocatalyst in the pre-annealing treatment of ZnFe2O4 at 900 °C and post-annealing treatment of ZnFe2O4/TiO2 (1:1) composite at 500 °C revealed that there was an enhancement in the interfacial interaction, and subsequently an efficient photoreduction of CO2 into methanol. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates facile fabrication of p�n heterostructured phototcatalysts for reduction of CO2 with marked improvement in methanol yield under visible light irradiation. It provides a viable route for exploring the effects of composition, hydrothermal treatment, and pre-/post-annealing treatment of hybrid semiconductor composites used to scale up photocatalytic CO2 conversion in solar fuel-based devices. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry