Askar Wataniah (PSTD) dan konsep pertahanan menyeluruh (Hanruh) dalam dasar pertahanan Negara: masalah dan kesannya konsep ini terhadap kesiapsiagaan ATM

• Main Author: Zuber, Faiezi
• Format: Thesis
• Language: English; English
• Published: 2021
• Subjects: U Military Science (General)
• Online Access: https://etd.uum.edu.my/9721/1/s902992_01.pdf; https://etd.uum.edu.my/9721/2/s902992_02.pdf; https://etd.uum.edu.my/9721/

The establishment of the Territorial Army (AW) is a Voluntary body, which is a body that provides space for the people to engage in defense and security aspects in line with the implementation of the concept of Comprehensive Defense introduced by the Malaysian Armed Forces (ATM). In line with the implementation of HANRUH (Total Defense), AW has been placed under the Army Reserve Force (PSTD) which acts together with the Malaysian Army (TDM) whether in a state of peace or war. The history of community involvement in volunteer forces dates back to 1861 with the establishment of a volunteer team called Penang Volunteer and AW was established in 1958 and recorded various successes. The establishment of AW in 1958 was seen as a source of defense energy to the ATM which led to the expansion of the ATM in 1979 and absorbed in the TDM service. The expansion of AW has grown with the promotion of the idea of HANRUH through Security and Development (KESBAN) it has been enlarged by forming PSTD as the Second Line of national defense. AW and PSTD have been developed and advertised as TDM energy sources to replace the regular forces and are able to conduct operations on the battlefield. AW is described as having a standing capacity with a fixed force. However, the incident of the encroachment of the AW camp in Gerik Perak in 2000 by a handful of civilians and the seizure of weapons has raised doubts about AW's ability. In February 2013, 200 terrorists invaded Lahad Datu and it cast doubt on the level of capability of TDM, AW and PSTD. What are the problems faced by TDM, AW and PSTD? Is it capable of defending national security and defense. This study aims to identify the implementation and development of AW in achieving the principles of HANRUH and identify the problems that exist in the implementation of AW and the impact on TDM readiness. In addition, this study also aims to analyze the factors and problems faced in AW impact on TDM readiness and identify suggestions to improve the effectiveness of AW in achieving the objectives of TDM readiness. With problems faced by AW and PSTD such as defense policy, defense framework and defense principles of Self Reliance and weak HANRUH concept, human resource development weaknesses, government inability to develop logistics, armaments, outdated and still in use asset quality, RMA implementation issues, failure local defense industry, education and human capital. Among the factors influencing the weaknesses of AW and PSTD are the lack of public response, the weakness of facilities and supply, the advantages of working in other sectors, the difficulty of obtaining relief from employers, poor promotion and incentives, poor facilities, attendance allowance system and ration allocation and overall analysis of TDM, AW and PSTD readiness.