Perubahan corak perniagaan etnik Cina pasca orde baru dalam pendekatan ekonomi-politik dan tradisional: kajian kes di bandaraya Medan, Indonesia

• Main Author: Ikhsan, Mohammad Fajar
• Format: Thesis
• Language: English; English; English
• Published: 2018
• Subjects: HB Economic Theory
• Online Access: https://etd.uum.edu.my/9023/1/s900895_01.pdf; https://etd.uum.edu.my/9023/2/s900895_02.pdf; https://etd.uum.edu.my/9023/3/s900895_references.docx; https://etd.uum.edu.my/9023/

In Indonesia, the pattern of Chinese ethnic business can be seen at least in two approaches, specifically in political-economy and traditional approaches. As in political-economy approach, Chinese conglomerates have established relationships with Suharto’s New Order elite groups in conducting their business based on patronclient politics and cronyism (cukong). Meanwhile, in traditional approach, it is shows that the Chinese businesses are carried out based on internal ethnic capability through Guanxi (network) and Xinyong (trust) models. After the fall of the New Order regime in 1998, the political system in Indonesia became more open and decentralized (Regional Autonomy). This suggested that the role of local government in making decision primarily in the economic sector becomes more dominant. Therefore, this study is designed to examine the patterns of the Chinese businesses through their relationship with the government elite, as well as with the Chinese’s organizations in the post-New Order era particularly from the local context in Medan City, Indonesia. This study uses theory of patron-client politics, as well as the concept of crony capitalism, and the collective capitalist (Marxist) to examine the relationship between Chinese businessmen and government elite. In addition, this study also uses the concept of Guanxi and Xinyong to examine the relationship among Chinese businessmen. This study adopted qualitative descriptive study design. The findings of this study show that in the post-New Order era, political elite often carry out illegal practices such as corruption, collusion and nepotism. This behavior has led to the early indication of the emergence of patron-client politics and crony capitalism that involved several Chinese businessmen and government elite. The special relationship between them (Chinese businessmen and government elite) has had a good impact on their business activities. However, it is also brought about a dilemma and complex crony relationship. It means, the relationships between rulers (government) and businessmen (Chinese) are unstable. The findings also show that Chinese’s organizations have no significant impact on their business activities. Furthermore, for some Chinese businessmen in small-medium size companies, they still implementing the Guanxi and Xinyong concepts, and most of them often victims of illegal behavior by government and gangsters.