A simulation study on factors affecting airwaves using factorial design

• Main Authors: Abdulkarim, M., Shafie, A., Wan Ahmad, W.F., Razali, R.
• Format: Article
• Published: 2013
• Online Access: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84887065785&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-319-02958-0_20&partnerID=40&md5=2e50030d3398133be08750582a0f1a87; http://eprints.utp.edu.my/32634/

In shallow water Sea Bed Logging (SBL) survey, air layer response from the Electro-Magnetic (EM) signals creates a disturbance known as the source-induced airwaves. The airwaves commonly denote the energy that propagates from the EM source via the atmosphere to the receiver on the seabed. As a result, the airwaves dominate the measured survey data, so that the sought-after signals from possible hydrocarbon layers in the subsurface can be totally masked. In this study, a 5x5 factorial design is used to analyze the effect of frequency, seawater conductivity, sediment conductivity, seawater depth and offset on the magnitude of airwaves. The result based on F-statistics, indicates that frequency has higher significant effect on the magnitude of the airwaves followed by the seawater depth, offset, seawater conductivity and sediment conductivity in that order. © 2013 Springer International Publishing.