Effect of acid catalysts on hydrothermal carbonization of Malaysian oil palm residues (leaves, fronds, and shells) for hydrochar production

• Main Authors: Ameen, M., Zamri, N.M., May, S.T., Azizan, M.T., Aqsha, A., Sabzoi, N., Sher, F.
• Format: Article
• Published: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH 2022
• Online Access: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100582559&doi=10.1007%2fs13399-020-01201-2&partnerID=40&md5=d2883baf309154479792e6390d34aee0; http://eprints.utp.edu.my/28829/

Malaysian oil palm industry produces a significant amount of oil palm residue as solid wastes. These solid wastes are comprised of oil palm residue which contains the stem, fronds from the farms, empty fruit bunch (EFB), mesocarp fibre (MF), and palm kernel shell (PKS) from the oil palm�processing...