Fourth generation biofuel from genetically modified algal biomass: challenges and future directions

• Main Authors: Shokravi, Hoofar, Shokravi, Zahra, Heidarrezaei, Mahshid, Ong, Hwai Chyuan, Rahimian Koloor, Seyed Saeid, Petru, Michal, Lau, Woei Jye, Ismail, Ahmad Fauzi
• Format: Article
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 2021
• Subjects: TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
• Online Access: http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/94312/; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131535

Genetic engineering applications in the field of biofuel are rapidly expanding due to their potential to boost biomass productivity while lowering its cost and enhancing its quality. Recently, fourth-generation biofuel (FGB), which is biofuel obtained from genetically modified (GM) algae biomass, ha...