River sand mining Vis a Vis manufactured sand for sustainability

• Main Authors: Bhatawdekar, Ramesh Murlidhar, Singh, Trilok Nath, Mohamad, Edy Tonnizam, Armaghani, Danial Jahed, Abang Hasbollah, Dayang Zulaika
• Format: Conference or Workshop Item
• Published: 2020
• Subjects: TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
• Online Access: http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/92806/; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60839-2_8

Sand and gravels are basic construction raw material globally. With increased economic activity, rate of extraction of sand and gravels has gone up three folds during last two decades reaching 40 billion tonnes per year. Critical hot spots for sand extraction are China and India. Uncontrolled illega...