Using microwave energy for the removal of hardness from groundwater: Continuous flow lab-scale system

• Main Authors: Rabah, Fahid K. J., Ramaha, Mohammad T., Mohamad Darwish, Mohamad Darwish, Mohamed Najib, Mohamed Zuhaili, Mustafa, Shaymaa
• Format: Article
• Published: IOS Press BV 2020
• Subjects: TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
• Online Access: http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/90610/; http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/AJW200048

The present study investigates the characteristics of calcium hardness removal from water using a continuous flow microwave (MW) radiation system with heat exchange. The effects of initial calcium concentration, detention time, and initial temperature were investigated by the study. About 97% of cal...