Monitoring of breakwater structure: GPS versus geodetic method

• Main Authors: Wan Mohd. Akib, Wan Abdul Aziz, Omar, Kamaluddin, Mardi, Ahmad Sahlan, Zainon, Othman, Mustafar, Mohamad Asrul
• Format: Conference or Workshop Item
• Language: English
• Published: 2002
• Subjects: TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
• Online Access: http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/11942/1/OthmanZainon_MonitoringOfBreakwaterStructureGPS.pdf; http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/11942/

Until recently, we relied exclusively on traditional survey equipments such as EDM/total station/precise levels to determine the horizontal And horizontal movements that occur on large engineering structures such as long span bridges, dams and breakwaters. The GPS technology, however, allows us to m...