An estimation of underground economy in Afghanistan using mathematical fuzzy model based on mean and standard deviation.

• Main Authors: Mohammad Azizi, Wali, Hayat, Athiqullah, Shams, Shamsullah, Emir Zulkifly, Mohammad Izat
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Stallion Publication 2023
• Subjects: Q Science (General); QA Mathematics
• Online Access: http://eprints.utm.my/108476/1/MohammadIzatEmirZulkifly2023_AnEstimationofUndergroundEconomyinAfghanistan.pdf; http://eprints.utm.my/108476/; http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.2.4.25

The underground economy (UE) briefly comprises services, activities, and transactions, which could be legal or illegal. In this paper the size of UE is estimated through mathematical fuzzy model based on fuzzy set, fuzzy logic and constructed a yearly time-series for UE over the period 2001 to 2020...