Optimization of thiamine chitosan nanoemulsion production using sonication treatment

• Main Authors: Iqmal Tahir, Iqmal Tahir, Justitia Millevania, Justitia Millevania, Karna Wijaya, Karna Wijaya, Mudasir, Mudasir, Abdul Wahab, Roswanira, Widi Kurniawati, Widi Kurniawati
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V. 2023
• Subjects: QD Chemistry
• Online Access: http://eprints.utm.my/106680/1/RoswaniraAbdulWahab2023_OptimizationofThiamineChitosanNanoemulsion.pdf; http://eprints.utm.my/106680/; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2023.100919

The production of thiamine chitosan nanoemulsion via sonication treatment has been optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). This study examines the effect of sonication treatment on thiamine chitosan formulation and variations in time, amplitude, and surfactant concentration to distinguish optimum production conditions. Chitosan thiamine nanoemulsion was prepared using the central composite design (CCD) with 3 independent variables (time, amplitude, and surfactant concentration), which generated 20 experimental points. The optimum condition was determined by analyzing the response variable, which, in this study, is viscosity. The analysis was carried out using the Minitab 18 software. The sample as formulated using the optimum conditions derived were then tested for particle size using a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The results showed that the 3-factorial design and response surface methodology could determine the optimum conditions for the formulation process of chitosan thiamine nanoemulsion. The optimum viscosity of the thiamine chitosan nanoemulsion determined was 10.5 mPa s which was obtained with 55.2 min sonication time, Tween 80 surfactant concentration of 3.4%, and amplitude of 56.8 m. The chitosan thiamine nanoemulsion produced with these conditions had a particle size of 20.1 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.446, which indicated that it was stable and homogeneous.