Influence of sodium-montmorillonite nanoclay on flammability, thermal stability, morphology, and mechanical properties of rigid water-blown palm oil-based polyurethane foam
This paper presents the experimental works on rigid palm oil-based polyurethane (PU) foam reinforced with sodium-montmorillonite (Na-MMT). Filler loading was varied between 1 and 10 wt %., and the obtained foam was characterized for its combustibility, morphology, thermal stability, and mechanical r...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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SAGE Publications Ltd
2023
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.utm.my/105786/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02624893231193499 |
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| Summary: | This paper presents the experimental works on rigid palm oil-based polyurethane (PU) foam reinforced with sodium-montmorillonite (Na-MMT). Filler loading was varied between 1 and 10 wt %., and the obtained foam was characterized for its combustibility, morphology, thermal stability, and mechanical response. Exfoliated clay microstructure was exhibited at lower Na-MMT loadings. Addition of nanoclay into the PU foam failed to impart any discernable improvement with regards to its flammability, believed due to stronger influence of low-functionality palm oil polyol used. Apparent improvement in thermal stability was observed at low clay amounts. Foam with finer cell size was obtained in the presence of Na-MMT, however only until a certain loading limit. Compressive strength generally increases with increasing clay content, but after 3 wt % the property deteriorated. Peculiarly, compressive strength rose again at 5 wt % and 6 wt % – postulated due to additional load-bearing effect of ‘integral skin’ – before plummeting back again beyond this value. |
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