Tourists and 'philosophers': Nature as a medium to consciousness and transcendence in spiritual tourism

• Main Authors: Wang, Shaohua, Blasco, Dani, Hamzah, Amran, Bas Verschuuren, Bas Verschuuren
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 2023
• Subjects: G154.9-155.8 Travel and state. Tourism
• Online Access: http://eprints.utm.my/105026/1/AmranHamzah2023_TouristsandPhilosophersNatureasaMediumtoConsciousness.pdf; http://eprints.utm.my/105026/; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2023.103543

Nature is a vital context for transcendent experiences fostering the spiritual dimensions of humankind. Analysing data from protected areas in China, this paper investigates the ways in which spirituality permeates nature-based tourism. A thematic analysis was undertaken to interpret 27 semi-structured in-depth interviews with professionals and tourists. Findings enable the construction of a hierarchical framework of spiritual tourism achievement and highlight the need to create links between protected areas, tourists, and ‘mediums’. Nature is acknowledged as a means of overcoming spiritual emptiness in a secular nation where religions function in a limited way and traditional wisdom is undervalued. This study proposes a nature-based, philosophy-oriented tourism development model, which sheds light on theoretical and industrial domains alike.