Rheological and thermophysical properties of hybrid nanofluids and their application in flat-plate solar collectors: a comprehensive review

• Main Authors: Alfellag, Mohanad A., Mohamed Kamar, Haslinda, Che Sidik, Nor Azwadi, Muhsan, Ali Samer, Kazi, Salim Newaz, Alawi, Omer A., Abidin, Ummikalsom
• Format: Article
• Published: Springer Science and Business Media B.V. 2023
• Subjects: TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
• Online Access: http://eprints.utm.my/104922/; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12184-3

Conventional working fluids such as water, glycol, and synthetic oils are commonly employed in solar thermal applications, but they have relatively low thermal conductivity, which leads to minimized heat transfer and lower thermal performance. As an alternative, a novel category of fluids known as h...