Botnet detection using independent component analysis

• Main Authors: Ibrahim, Wan Nur Hidayah, Anuar, Mohd. Syahid, Selamat, Ali, Krejcar, Ondrej
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: International Islamic University Malaysia-IIUM 2022
• Subjects: T Technology (General)
• Online Access: http://eprints.utm.my/104450/1/AliSelamat2022_BotnetDetectionUsingIndependentComponentAnalysis.pdf; http://eprints.utm.my/104450/; http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/IIUMEJ.V23I1.1789

Botnet is a significant cyber threat that continues to evolve. Botmasters continue to improve the security framework strategy for botnets to go undetected. Newer botnet source code runs attack detection every second, and each attack demonstrates the difficulty and robustness of monitoring the botnet. In the conventional network botnet detection model that uses signature-analysis, the patterns of a botnet concealment strategy such as encryption & polymorphic and the shift in structure from centralized to decentralized peer-to-peer structure, generate challenges. Behavior analysis seems to be a promising approach for solving these problems because it does not rely on analyzing the network traffic payload. Other than that, to predict novel types of botnet, a detection model should be developed. This study focuses on using flow-based behavior analysis to detect novel botnets, necessary due to the difficulties of detecting existing patterns in a botnet that continues to modify the signature in concealment strategy. This study also recommends introducing Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and data pre-processing standardization to increase data quality before classification. With and without ICA implementation, we compared the percentage of significant features. Through the experiment, we found that the results produced from ICA show significant improvements. The highest F-score was 83% for Neris bot. The average F-score for a novel botnet sample was 74%. Through the feature importance test, the feature importance increased from 22% to 27%, and the training model false positive rate also decreased from 1.8% to 1.7%.