Scenedesmus sp. harvesting by using natural coagulant after phycoremediation of heavy metals in different concentrations of wet market wastewater for potential fish feeds
The high level of organic elements and nutrients in wet market wastewater (WMW) has raised public concerns. The phycoremediation method, which utilizes microalgae, can be further valorized by converting it into various valuable potential bioproducts. The production of Scenedesmus sp. in WMW was inve...
Saved in:
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI
2022
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://eprints.utm.my/104312/1/RoshanidaARahman2022_ScenedesmusspHarvestingbyUsingNaturalCoagulant.pdf http://eprints.utm.my/104312/ http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095090 |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
id |
my.utm.104312 |
---|---|
record_format |
eprints |
spelling |
my.utm.1043122024-02-04T02:44:12Z http://eprints.utm.my/104312/ Scenedesmus sp. harvesting by using natural coagulant after phycoremediation of heavy metals in different concentrations of wet market wastewater for potential fish feeds Mohd. Apandi, Najeeha Gani, Paran Mohamed Sunar, Norshuhaila Radin Mohamed, Radin Maya Saphira AlGheethi, Adel Mohd. Apandi, Affah Nagarajah, Ramathasan Shaari, Noor Afifee Raihan Cheong, Kelly A. Rahman, Roshanida Q Science (General) The high level of organic elements and nutrients in wet market wastewater (WMW) has raised public concerns. The phycoremediation method, which utilizes microalgae, can be further valorized by converting it into various valuable potential bioproducts. The production of Scenedesmus sp. in WMW was investigated as an ingredient for fish feeds in this study. The potential of two natural plant-based coagulants, Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea) and Cicer arietinum (chickpea), for harvesting microalgae Scenedesmus sp. were compared. Statistical analysis and response surface methodology were used to investigate the flocculant dosage and pH effect on harvesting efficiency. It was found that Cajanus cajan (CC) and Cicer arietinum (CA) both had a harvesting efficiency of 89.29% and 88.56%, respectively. The optimal dosage and pH for CC were 178.75 mg/L and 11.72, and for CA, they were 137.77 mg/L and 9.15. This study indicated that Scenedesmus sp. can remove heavy metals cadmium (87.24%), chromium (85.55%), and ferum (90.35%), respectively. The level of heavy metals content (µg/kg in ppb) in dry biomass was found ultimately low and did not exceed the maximum concentration set up by the European Commission Regulation. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis of microalgae biomass displayed O-H, N-H and C-H functional groups. The protein–lipid for the potential application as fish feed in the sample was 45.8–43.6% and 15–13%. Moreover, the biomass contained 53% to 40% oleic acid, which is high concentration of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). As a result, there is high potential of Scenedesmus sp. in wastewater treatment; both natural coagulants give the possibilities for efficient microalgae biomass recovery as fish feed and are applicable for improving the quality of Scenedesmus sp. cultivated in WMW. MDPI 2022-05-01 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/104312/1/RoshanidaARahman2022_ScenedesmusspHarvestingbyUsingNaturalCoagulant.pdf Mohd. Apandi, Najeeha and Gani, Paran and Mohamed Sunar, Norshuhaila and Radin Mohamed, Radin Maya Saphira and AlGheethi, Adel and Mohd. Apandi, Affah and Nagarajah, Ramathasan and Shaari, Noor Afifee Raihan and Cheong, Kelly and A. Rahman, Roshanida (2022) Scenedesmus sp. harvesting by using natural coagulant after phycoremediation of heavy metals in different concentrations of wet market wastewater for potential fish feeds. Sustainability, 14 (9). pp. 1-23. ISSN 2071-1050 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095090 DOI:10.3390/su14095090 |
institution |
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia |
building |
UTM Library |
collection |
Institutional Repository |
continent |
Asia |
country |
Malaysia |
content_provider |
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia |
content_source |
UTM Institutional Repository |
url_provider |
http://eprints.utm.my/ |
language |
English |
topic |
Q Science (General) |
spellingShingle |
Q Science (General) Mohd. Apandi, Najeeha Gani, Paran Mohamed Sunar, Norshuhaila Radin Mohamed, Radin Maya Saphira AlGheethi, Adel Mohd. Apandi, Affah Nagarajah, Ramathasan Shaari, Noor Afifee Raihan Cheong, Kelly A. Rahman, Roshanida Scenedesmus sp. harvesting by using natural coagulant after phycoremediation of heavy metals in different concentrations of wet market wastewater for potential fish feeds |
description |
The high level of organic elements and nutrients in wet market wastewater (WMW) has raised public concerns. The phycoremediation method, which utilizes microalgae, can be further valorized by converting it into various valuable potential bioproducts. The production of Scenedesmus sp. in WMW was investigated as an ingredient for fish feeds in this study. The potential of two natural plant-based coagulants, Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea) and Cicer arietinum (chickpea), for harvesting microalgae Scenedesmus sp. were compared. Statistical analysis and response surface methodology were used to investigate the flocculant dosage and pH effect on harvesting efficiency. It was found that Cajanus cajan (CC) and Cicer arietinum (CA) both had a harvesting efficiency of 89.29% and 88.56%, respectively. The optimal dosage and pH for CC were 178.75 mg/L and 11.72, and for CA, they were 137.77 mg/L and 9.15. This study indicated that Scenedesmus sp. can remove heavy metals cadmium (87.24%), chromium (85.55%), and ferum (90.35%), respectively. The level of heavy metals content (µg/kg in ppb) in dry biomass was found ultimately low and did not exceed the maximum concentration set up by the European Commission Regulation. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis of microalgae biomass displayed O-H, N-H and C-H functional groups. The protein–lipid for the potential application as fish feed in the sample was 45.8–43.6% and 15–13%. Moreover, the biomass contained 53% to 40% oleic acid, which is high concentration of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). As a result, there is high potential of Scenedesmus sp. in wastewater treatment; both natural coagulants give the possibilities for efficient microalgae biomass recovery as fish feed and are applicable for improving the quality of Scenedesmus sp. cultivated in WMW. |
format |
Article |
author |
Mohd. Apandi, Najeeha Gani, Paran Mohamed Sunar, Norshuhaila Radin Mohamed, Radin Maya Saphira AlGheethi, Adel Mohd. Apandi, Affah Nagarajah, Ramathasan Shaari, Noor Afifee Raihan Cheong, Kelly A. Rahman, Roshanida |
author_facet |
Mohd. Apandi, Najeeha Gani, Paran Mohamed Sunar, Norshuhaila Radin Mohamed, Radin Maya Saphira AlGheethi, Adel Mohd. Apandi, Affah Nagarajah, Ramathasan Shaari, Noor Afifee Raihan Cheong, Kelly A. Rahman, Roshanida |
author_sort |
Mohd. Apandi, Najeeha |
title |
Scenedesmus sp. harvesting by using natural coagulant after phycoremediation of heavy metals in different concentrations of wet market wastewater for potential fish feeds |
title_short |
Scenedesmus sp. harvesting by using natural coagulant after phycoremediation of heavy metals in different concentrations of wet market wastewater for potential fish feeds |
title_full |
Scenedesmus sp. harvesting by using natural coagulant after phycoremediation of heavy metals in different concentrations of wet market wastewater for potential fish feeds |
title_fullStr |
Scenedesmus sp. harvesting by using natural coagulant after phycoremediation of heavy metals in different concentrations of wet market wastewater for potential fish feeds |
title_full_unstemmed |
Scenedesmus sp. harvesting by using natural coagulant after phycoremediation of heavy metals in different concentrations of wet market wastewater for potential fish feeds |
title_sort |
scenedesmus sp. harvesting by using natural coagulant after phycoremediation of heavy metals in different concentrations of wet market wastewater for potential fish feeds |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://eprints.utm.my/104312/1/RoshanidaARahman2022_ScenedesmusspHarvestingbyUsingNaturalCoagulant.pdf http://eprints.utm.my/104312/ http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095090 |
_version_ |
1789940427385733120 |
score |
13.188404 |