Overview of approaches for compensating inherent metamaterials losses
Metamaterials are synthetic composite structures with extraordinary electromagnetic properties not readily accessible in ordinary materials. These media attracted massive attention due to their exotic characteristics. However, several issues have been encountered, such as the narrow bandwidth and...
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Main Authors: | , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
2022
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/7567/1/J14430_1d3f44c223a7ba9392fda07ea9deaeaf.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/7567/ https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3185637 |
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Summary: | Metamaterials are synthetic composite structures with extraordinary electromagnetic properties
not readily accessible in ordinary materials. These media attracted massive attention due to their exotic
characteristics. However, several issues have been encountered, such as the narrow bandwidth and inherent
losses that restrict the spectrum and the variety of their applications. The losses have become the principal
limiting factor when employing metamaterials in real-world applications. Consequently, overcoming them is
crucially important and of practical necessity. This paper discusses the practical applications of metamaterials
in constructing functional devices and the effects of the losses on such devices. In more depth, it reviews the
available approaches for reducing the metamaterial losses developed over the last two decades in the light of
available literature. These approaches include the utilization of the principles of electromagnetically induced
transparency (EIT), geometric tailoring of the metamaterial structures, and embedding gain materials.
Further, computational optimization techniques, such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic
algorithm (GA), are also discussed to design low-loss metamaterials. The EIT-like metamaterial and the
including of gain materials are systematic and universal approaches exhibiting low loss approaching zero.
In contrast, the other two are not systematic and universal approaches. |
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