Time scales and their characteristics

• Main Authors: Suhandri, Hendy Fitrian, Adil, Irdam, A. Khalifa, Nasradeen, Saptari, Asep Yusup
• Format: Book Section
• Language: English
• Published: Penerbit UTHM 2021
• Subjects: T Technology (General)
• Online Access: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/6519/1/10.pdf; http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/6519/

According to the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language the definition of time involves the continuity of existence in a sequential way from the past, through the present, into the future. Just imagine if the universe were completely static, there would be no what so-called time and no the existence of the matter. The existence of time appears just because things change [1]. The story of time began from the creation of the universe through the history of modern human life in the form of the fourth dimension (one temporal dimension along with another three spatial dimensions, or up to twenty-six dimensions according to the string theories [2]. Prior to 1900, time was considered to be uniform and the same everywhere in the universe where the observers measured the same time interval for any event, which departs from the classical physics of the Newtonian era. This concept stands undeniably for everyday motions on Earth as an accurate approximation at velocities lower than the speed of light. In 1905, Albert Einstein proposed his postulates in special relativity, where Newtonian mechanics could not agree with Maxwell’s equation of electromagnetism [3, 4]. He shared his view about the problem of the classical understanding of time, in the context of electricity and magnetism, which can be resolved by invoking a method of synchronizing clocks using the constant speed of light in a vacuum as the maximum signal velocity.