Preliminary assessment of salvadora persica whitening effects on extracted stained teeth
The roots, twigs and stems of Salvadora persica (S. persica) also known as miswak have been used for centuries as oral hygiene tools. The cleansing efficacy of S. persica is thought to be attributed to the mechanical effects of its fibres. However, there is no study focus on S. persica whitening beh...
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Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science
2017
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Online Access: | http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/3605/1/AJ%202019%20%28147%29.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/3605/ https://dx//dx.doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2017.71217 |
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my.uthm.eprints.36052021-11-21T03:27:27Z http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/3605/ Preliminary assessment of salvadora persica whitening effects on extracted stained teeth Halib, Nadia Nuairy, Nabilah Ramli, Haslinda Ahmad, Ishak Othman, Norinsan Kamil Md Salleh, Salihatun Bakarudin, Saiful Bahari QK Botany The roots, twigs and stems of Salvadora persica (S. persica) also known as miswak have been used for centuries as oral hygiene tools. The cleansing efficacy of S. persica is thought to be attributed to the mechanical effects of its fibres. However, there is no study focus on S. persica whitening behaviour. Therefore, this study is conducted to preliminarily assess the whitening effects of S. persica on coffee and tea stained teeth. The bark of S. persica stems were peeled off and the pulps were dried and ground to produce powder. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were carried out to study the properties of S. persica fibre. SEM revealed the presence of crystals of various shapes and sizes that act as natural abrasive agents and might contribute to its whitening effects while EDX identified that these minerals constitute of O (43.44 wt%), C (31.2 wt%), S (11.7 wt%), Ca (11.2 wt%), Na (1.3 wt%) and K (1.04 wt%). The powder later formulated into paste of various concentrations; 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5% (w/w). Extracted permanent premolar teeth were cleaned and stained with tea and coffee solutions. Formulations of S. persica fiber paste were then used to brush the teeth and being compared to commercial whitening toothpaste. The teeth shade changes were evaluated using VITAPAN® Classical Shade. After brushing under standardized condition using a brushing simulator machine, it was found that the staining of teeth buccal surface was reduced at least one tone of shade according to the VitaPan® shade. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 2017 Article PeerReviewed text en http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/3605/1/AJ%202019%20%28147%29.pdf Halib, Nadia and Nuairy, Nabilah and Ramli, Haslinda and Ahmad, Ishak and Othman, Norinsan Kamil and Md Salleh, Salihatun and Bakarudin, Saiful Bahari (2017) Preliminary assessment of salvadora persica whitening effects on extracted stained teeth. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 7 (12). pp. 121-125. ISSN 2231-3354 https://dx//dx.doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2017.71217 |
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QK Botany Halib, Nadia Nuairy, Nabilah Ramli, Haslinda Ahmad, Ishak Othman, Norinsan Kamil Md Salleh, Salihatun Bakarudin, Saiful Bahari Preliminary assessment of salvadora persica whitening effects on extracted stained teeth |
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The roots, twigs and stems of Salvadora persica (S. persica) also known as miswak have been used for centuries as oral hygiene tools. The cleansing efficacy of S. persica is thought to be attributed to the mechanical effects of its fibres. However, there is no study focus on S. persica whitening behaviour. Therefore, this study is conducted to preliminarily assess the whitening effects of S. persica on coffee and tea stained teeth. The bark of S. persica stems were peeled off and the pulps were dried and ground to produce powder. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were carried out to study the properties of S. persica fibre. SEM revealed the presence of crystals of various shapes and sizes that act as natural abrasive agents and might contribute to its whitening effects while EDX identified that these minerals constitute of O (43.44 wt%), C (31.2 wt%), S (11.7 wt%), Ca (11.2 wt%), Na (1.3 wt%) and K (1.04 wt%). The powder later formulated into paste of various concentrations; 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5% (w/w). Extracted permanent premolar teeth were cleaned and stained with tea and coffee solutions. Formulations of S. persica fiber paste were then used to brush the teeth and being compared to commercial whitening toothpaste. The teeth shade changes were evaluated using VITAPAN® Classical Shade. After brushing under standardized condition using a brushing simulator machine, it was found that the staining of teeth buccal surface was reduced at least one tone of shade according to the VitaPan® shade. |
format |
Article |
author |
Halib, Nadia Nuairy, Nabilah Ramli, Haslinda Ahmad, Ishak Othman, Norinsan Kamil Md Salleh, Salihatun Bakarudin, Saiful Bahari |
author_facet |
Halib, Nadia Nuairy, Nabilah Ramli, Haslinda Ahmad, Ishak Othman, Norinsan Kamil Md Salleh, Salihatun Bakarudin, Saiful Bahari |
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Halib, Nadia |
title |
Preliminary assessment of salvadora persica whitening effects on extracted stained teeth |
title_short |
Preliminary assessment of salvadora persica whitening effects on extracted stained teeth |
title_full |
Preliminary assessment of salvadora persica whitening effects on extracted stained teeth |
title_fullStr |
Preliminary assessment of salvadora persica whitening effects on extracted stained teeth |
title_full_unstemmed |
Preliminary assessment of salvadora persica whitening effects on extracted stained teeth |
title_sort |
preliminary assessment of salvadora persica whitening effects on extracted stained teeth |
publisher |
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/3605/1/AJ%202019%20%28147%29.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/3605/ https://dx//dx.doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2017.71217 |
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1738581144718278656 |
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13.160551 |