A Reconfigurable Hardware Realization for Real-Time Simulation of Cardiac Excitation and Conduction

• Main Authors: Mahmud, Farhanahani, Adon, Nur Atiqah, Othman, Norliza, Hakim, Ade Anggian, Morsin, Marlia, Jabbar, Mohamad Hairol
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: uthm 2024
• Subjects: QP Physiology
• Online Access: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/12430/1/J17918_eb29c92f71e70faa605faa2703caa208.pdf; http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/12430/; https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2024.16.01.022

Dynamic simulation of complex cardiac excitation and conduction requires high computational time. Thus, the hardware techniques that can run in real-time simulation were introduced. However, according to existing studies, the hardware simulation requires high power consumption and involves a large size of the physical parts. Due to the drawbacks, this research presents the adaptation of nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE)-based cardiac excitable models of Luo-Rudy Phase I (LR-I) and FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) in a reconfigurable hardware of field-programmable gate array (FPGA). FPGA rapid prototyping using MATLAB Hardware Description Language (HDL) Coder was used to convert a fixed-point MATLAB Simulink blocks design of the cardiac models into a synthesizable VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL) code and verified using the FPGA-In-the Loop (FIL) Co-simulator. The Xilinx FPGA Virtex-6 XC6VLX240T ML605 evaluation board was chosen as the FPGA platform. The cardiac excitation response characteristics using the LR-I model and the simulations of reentrant initiation and annihilation using the FHN model were verified in Virtex-6 FPGA. This means a new real-time simulation-based analysis technique of cardiac electrical excitation and conduction was successfully developed using the reconfigurable hardware.