A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown
In this paper, we examine the initiation event of two tropical negative cloud to ground (CG) lightning flashes within reversal distance (<8 km) detected on 12 (CG1) and 24 (CG2) November 2019, respectively. The CG flashes were recorded using a fast antenna (FA), slow antenna (SA), magnetic field...
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2022
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my.utem.eprints.263692023-05-30T11:42:36Z http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/26369/ A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown Ahmad, Mohd Riduan Mohammad Sabri, Muhammad Haziq Al-Kahtani, Ammar Ahmed Shamsul Baharin, Shamsul Ammar Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin Nordin, Farah Hani Lu, Gaopeng Zhang, Hongbo Williams, Earle Cooray, Vernon In this paper, we examine the initiation event of two tropical negative cloud to ground (CG) lightning flashes within reversal distance (<8 km) detected on 12 (CG1) and 24 (CG2) November 2019, respectively. The CG flashes were recorded using a fast antenna (FA), slow antenna (SA), magnetic field (B-field), and very high frequency (VHF) sensors located at two observation stations (ST1 and ST2) 13.26 km apart. The key finding is that CG1 flash was initiated by a short VHF pulse followed by a VHF burst (fast positive breakdown) while CG2 flash was initiated by a VHF burst (fast positive breakdown) not preceded by a short VHF pulse. The VHF burst was a precursor for initiation of a narrow bipolar event (NBE)-like pulse and initial electric field changes (IECs). Based on the VHF interferometer map, the VHF sources of NBE-like pulses have been propagated upward predominantly vertical. The initiation altitude, total length of the VHF sources propagation, estimated velocity of NBE-like pulse for CG1 flash were 4.5 ± 0.5 km, 1.9–3.8 km, and 2.4 × 108 to 4.8 × 108 ms−1, respectively, and for CG2 flash were 5.1 ± 0.8 km, 0.2–3.0 km, and 2.7 × 107 to 4.1 × 108 ms−1, respectively. It is evident that IECs process has been initiated during fast positive streamers propagation. It can be suggested that the IECs process resulted from charge transfer during a fast positive breakdown. The durations and magnitudes of IECs for CG1 flash were 248.5 μs and 27.97 V/m, respectively, and for CG2 flash were 265.8 μs and 2.31 V/m, respectively. Elsevier Ltd 2022-05 Article PeerReviewed text en http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/26369/2/HAZIQ%20PAPER%201%20REDUCED.PDF Ahmad, Mohd Riduan and Mohammad Sabri, Muhammad Haziq and Al-Kahtani, Ammar Ahmed and Shamsul Baharin, Shamsul Ammar and Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin and Nordin, Farah Hani and Lu, Gaopeng and Zhang, Hongbo and Williams, Earle and Cooray, Vernon (2022) A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown. Atmospheric Research, 276. pp. 1-13. ISSN 0169-8095 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809522002460 10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106260 |
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In this paper, we examine the initiation event of two tropical negative cloud to ground (CG) lightning flashes within reversal distance (<8 km) detected on 12 (CG1) and 24 (CG2) November 2019, respectively. The CG flashes were recorded using a fast antenna (FA), slow antenna (SA), magnetic field (B-field), and very high frequency (VHF) sensors located at two observation stations (ST1 and ST2) 13.26 km apart. The key finding is that CG1 flash was initiated by a short VHF pulse followed by a VHF burst (fast positive breakdown) while CG2 flash was initiated by a VHF burst (fast positive breakdown) not preceded by a short VHF pulse. The VHF burst was a precursor for initiation of a narrow bipolar event (NBE)-like pulse and initial electric field changes (IECs). Based on the VHF interferometer map, the VHF sources of NBE-like pulses have been propagated upward predominantly vertical. The initiation altitude, total length of the VHF sources propagation, estimated velocity of NBE-like pulse for CG1 flash were 4.5 ± 0.5 km, 1.9–3.8 km, and 2.4 × 108 to 4.8 × 108 ms−1, respectively, and for CG2 flash were 5.1 ± 0.8 km, 0.2–3.0 km, and 2.7 × 107 to 4.1 × 108 ms−1, respectively. It is evident that IECs process has been initiated during fast positive streamers propagation. It can be suggested that the IECs process resulted from charge transfer during a fast positive breakdown. The durations and magnitudes of IECs for CG1 flash were 248.5 μs and 27.97 V/m, respectively, and for CG2 flash were 265.8 μs and 2.31 V/m, respectively. |
format |
Article |
author |
Ahmad, Mohd Riduan Mohammad Sabri, Muhammad Haziq Al-Kahtani, Ammar Ahmed Shamsul Baharin, Shamsul Ammar Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin Nordin, Farah Hani Lu, Gaopeng Zhang, Hongbo Williams, Earle Cooray, Vernon |
spellingShingle |
Ahmad, Mohd Riduan Mohammad Sabri, Muhammad Haziq Al-Kahtani, Ammar Ahmed Shamsul Baharin, Shamsul Ammar Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin Nordin, Farah Hani Lu, Gaopeng Zhang, Hongbo Williams, Earle Cooray, Vernon A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown |
author_facet |
Ahmad, Mohd Riduan Mohammad Sabri, Muhammad Haziq Al-Kahtani, Ammar Ahmed Shamsul Baharin, Shamsul Ammar Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin Nordin, Farah Hani Lu, Gaopeng Zhang, Hongbo Williams, Earle Cooray, Vernon |
author_sort |
Ahmad, Mohd Riduan |
title |
A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown |
title_short |
A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown |
title_full |
A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown |
title_fullStr |
A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown |
title_full_unstemmed |
A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown |
title_sort |
study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown |
publisher |
Elsevier Ltd |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/26369/2/HAZIQ%20PAPER%201%20REDUCED.PDF http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/26369/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809522002460 |
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1768012367410495488 |
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13.160551 |