Adsorptive Treatment of Textile Wastewater Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Pandanus Amaryllifolius Stems and Areca Catechu Fronds

• Main Author: Ismail, Muhd Nazmi
• Format: Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: 2016
• Subjects: T Technology; TA1-2040 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
• Online Access: http://eprints.usm.my/40997/1/Adsorptive_Treatment_of_Textile_Wastewater_Using_Activated_Carbon_Prepared_from_Pandanus_Amaryllifolius_Stems_and_Areca_Catechu_Fronds.pdf; http://eprints.usm.my/40997/

Sintesis karbon teraktif menggunakan batang pandan (PSAC) dan pelepah pinang (PFAC) melalui pengaktifan fiziko-kimia telah berjaya diselidiki. Pengaktifan fiziko-kimia melibatkan jerap isi kalium hidroksida (KOH) dan gasifikasi karbon dioksida (CO2) telah berjaya dilaksanakan. Karbon teraktif yang terhasil telah digunakan untuk penyingkiran pewarna metilina biru (MB), metil merah (MR) dan remazol brilliant ungu 5R (RBV) daripada larutan akuas manakala warna dan keperluan oksigen kimia (COD) daripada air sisa industri tekstil. Keputusan rekabentuk ujikaji telah menunjukkan bahawa suhu pengaktifan, masa pengaktifan dan nisbah jerap isi merupakan faktor-faktor penting yang mempengaruhi prestasi penjerapan air sisa sintetik (MB, MR, RBV) dan air sisa tekstil (warna dan COD). Keadaan optimum untuk penyediaan PSAC dan PFAC pada suhu pengaktifan, masa pengaktifan dan nisbah jerap isi ialah masing-masing pada 794°C dan 771°C, 1.19 dan 1.48 jam, 2.75 dan 1.94. Kesemua karbon teraktif yang terhasil adalah berliang meso dengan luas permukaan yang tinggi (>840m2/g). Morfologi karbon teraktif yang terhasil memaparkan struktur liang yang heterogen dengan pelbagai kumpulan berfungsi terdapat pada permukaan karbon teraktif. Kesan daripada kepekatan awal air sisa sintetik (50-500 mg/L) dan masa sentuh (0-24 jam) telah dinilai melalui kajian penjerapan berkelompok. Penjerapan semua pewarna meningkat dengan meningkatnya kepekatan awal larutan dan masa sentuh. Penjerapan bagi kesemua bahan pencemar oleh PSAC dan PFAC adalah sesuai dipadankan oleh model garis sesuhu Langmuir dan model kinetik pseudo tertib kedua. Dalam penjerapan dinamik pula, kesan daripada perbezaan kepekatan bahan pencemar, kadaralir suapan dan ketinggian lapisan turus karbon telah dikaji. Kapasiti turus tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh penjerapan dinamik bahan pencemar diperolehi pada 120 mm ketinggian turus karbon teraktif dengan kadaralir suapan 10 mL/min. Penjerapan dinamik didapati sesuai dipadankan dengan model Thomas. Keputusan yang diperolehi di atas menyokong kesesuaian PSAC dan PFAC untuk dijadikan sebagai bahan penjerap bagi air sisa sintetik dan air sisa sebenar industri tekstil. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The synthesis of activated carbons from pandanus amaryllifolius stem (PSAC) and areca cathecu or Pinang frond (PFAC) through physicochemical activation have been successfully investigated. The physicochemical activation was carried out by using potassium hydroxide (KOH) impregnation and carbon dioxide (CO2) gasification. The adsorption performance of the PSAC and PFAC were evaluated through the removal of methylene blue (MB), methyl red (MR) and remazol brilliant violet 5R (RBV) dyes from synthetic wastewater and also tested in the reduction of color and COD of industrial textile effluent. By using an experimental design, the results revealed that the activation temperature, activation time and KOH impregnation ratio (IR) were significant factors influencing the adsorption performance for all pollutants. The optimum preparation conditions for PSAC and PFAC were; activation temperature of 794 °C and 771 °C with activation time of 1.19 and 1.48 h and impregnation ratio of 2.75 and 1.94, respectively. Both activated carbons possessed mesoporous structure with relatively high surface area (>840 m2/g). The prepared activated carbons demonstrated heterogeneous pore structures with various functional groups on the activated carbon surfaces. The effects of adsorbate initial concentration (50-500 mg/L) and contact time (0-24 h) were evaluated through batch adsorption test. All dye adsorption uptakes increased with increasing initial concentration and contact time. Adsorption of all adsorbates onto PSAC and PFAC were best fitted by Langmuir model and also best fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In fixed bed column experiments, the effect of an inlet concentration, feed flow and activated carbon bed height on the breakthrough curves were determined. The highest bed capacities of PSAC on actual textile wastewater and PFAC on pollutants were obtained at 120 mm bed height and 10 mL/min flow rate. The adsorption data were well fitted with Thomas model. The results indicate that PSAC and PFAC were suitable as adsorbents for treatment of synthetic and actual textile wastewater.