Morphological and Elemental Analysis of Fineparticulate Matter (PM2.5) At Background Station in Malaysia

• Main Author: Mohd Zaki, Teh Nur Amalina
• Format: Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: 2016
• Subjects: T Technology; TA1-2040 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
• Online Access: http://eprints.usm.my/40763/1/Morphological_and_Elemental_Analysis_of_Fineparticulate_Matter_%28PM2.5%29_At_Background_Station_in_Malaysia.pdf; http://eprints.usm.my/40763/

Pengawasan dan pensampelan kepekatan PM2.5 telah dijalankan di stesen rujukan Malaysia (Jerantut). Tujuan kajian dijalankan adalah untuk menghuraikan morfologi dan komponen unsur bagi PM2.5 bermula dari mengenal pasti sumber munasabah, memperincikan kepekatan PM2.5 dan mengkaji sumber munasabah bagi PM2.5 berdasarkan unsur-unsur yang telah dikenalpasti. Sumber-sumber munasabah dikenalpasti melalui profil tapak dalam radius 10 km dari stesen pengawasan. Hasil dikenalpasti melalui profil tapak, kebanyakan sumber munasabah datang dari arah tenggara dan dibahagikan kepada tiga kumpulan iaitu, sumber dari kilang, tapak pembinaan dan lalulintas dari Bandar Jerantut. Kemudian, statistik perihalan, plot kotak, variasi diurnal dan korelasi Pearson dibina menggunakan perisisan Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) dalam memperincikan kepekatan PM2.5. Kepekatan PM2.5 berada dalam julat 6 μg/m3dan 98 μg/m3 dan purata kepekatan adalah 33 ± 16 μg/m3, di mana ianya melepasi garis panduan World Health Organization (WHO). Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (FESEM-EDX) digunakan untuk menganalisa morfologi dan komponen unsur bagi setiap partikel dan partikel kemudiannya diklasifikasikan mengikut sumber. Sumber-sumber yang telah dikenalpasti adalah sumber antropogen, semulajadi dan biologi. Partikel dari sumber antropogen dan semulajadi dikenalpasti berdasarkan morfologi dan komponen unsur mereka, sementara partikel biologi dikenalpasti berdasarkan morfologinya sahaja. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) sehala dan ujian pelbagai julat Duncan digunakan untuk analisis selanjutnya ke atas unsur-unsur dari partikel antropogen dan sumber-sumber munasabah bagi partikel antropogen adalah daripada kilang, tapak pembinaan dan lalulintas. Sumber-sumber yang terdapat di stesen rujukan, majoritinya adalah daripada sumber biologi. Walaubagaimanapun, sumber-sumber yang lain juga member kesan terhadap penghasilan PM2.5 iaitu sumber dari kilang-kilang, tapak pembinaan, lalulintas dan sumber semulajadi. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Monitoring and sampling of PM2.5 concentrations were held at background station of Malaysia (Jerantut). The aim of this research is to analyze the morphological and elemental compositions of PM2.5 then identifying the sources of PM2.5. Potential sources were identified by site profiling within 10 km radius from the monitoring station. Then statistical analysis and Pearson correlation were conducted using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) program in describing PM2.5 concentration. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy together with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (FESEM-EDX) were used to analyze morphological and elemental compositions of each particle and the particles were classified based on the major sources; anthropogenic, natural and biological. The abundant of potential sources came from southeast direction and were classified into three groups; industries, constructions and traffic from Jerantut town. PM2.5 concentration was in the range of 6 μg/m3 to 98 μg/m3 and the average was 33 ± 16 μg/m3which exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The most abundant particles found in Jerantut were biological particles with 52%, followed by anthropogenic particles (45%) and natural particles (3%). The major elements in anthropogenic particles were Na and Ba, while for natural particles were S and K. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) together with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test were used for further classification of elements from the anthropogenic particles and the sources identified were industrial, construction and traffic. Therefore, based on the morphological and elemental analysis of PM2.5 in Jerantut, majority of the sources of PM2.5 at the background station came from biological sources, but industrial, constructions, traffic and natural sources also contributed significantly to PM2.5 emissions.