Nano Hybrid Oil Palm Ash/Shell Filled Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Vinyl Ester Composites

• Main Author: Abdul Sukor, Nur Amiranajwa
• Format: Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: 2015
• Subjects: T1-995 Technology(General)
• Online Access: http://eprints.usm.my/31977/1/Nur_Amiranajwa_Abdul_Sukor.pdf; http://eprints.usm.my/31977/

Dalam penyelidikan ini, penggunaan nano hibrid abu (OPA) tidak organik /tempurung (OPS) organik kelapa sawit telah dikaji ke atas komposit vinil ester bersama/tidak bersama diperkuatkan dengan gentian kenaf yang tidak diekstrak/ekstrak. Penukaran OPA dan OPS mentah kepada partikal nano melalui pengisaran bebola bertenaga tinggi. Pengisian nano hibrid OPA dan OPS telah dinilai menggunakan Penghantar Mikroskopi Elektron (TEM), Pengimbas Mikroskopi Elektron dilengkapi Tenaga Sebaran Sinar-X (SEM-EDX), ‘Malvern ZetaSizer’, Belauan Sinar-X (XRD) dan Spektroskopi Inframerah Transformasi Fourier (FT-IR). Kedua-dua pengisian partikal nano hibrid yang dihasilkan berstruktur bentuk hancur dan tidak teratur, dan mempunyai silika dan karbon sebagai komposisi utama masing-masing di dalam OPA dan OPS. Saiz zarah bagi nano partikal OPA dan OPS masing-masing adalah diantara 68-97 nm dan 51-95 nm. OPA mempunyai darjah indeks hablur yang tinggi iaitu pada 66 %, manakala didapati rendah pada OPS iaitu pada 35 %. Perincian gentian kenaf dilakukan menggunakan Pengimbas Mikroskopi Elektron (SEM) dan sudut pendarjahan telah menunjukkan penyingkiran bahan penyimenan pada permukaan gentian dan peningkatan sudut pendarjahan dari 65 ° ke 95 ° selepas ektraksi. In this present research, the utilization of nano hybrid of inorganic oil palm ash (OPA)/organic shell (OPS) in vinyl ester composites with/without unextracted/extracted kenaf fibre reinforcement was studied. The raw OPA and OPS were subjected to high-energy ball milling and converted into nanoparticles. The characterization of nano hybrid OPA and OPS filler were evaluated by using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Malvern ZetaSizer, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy. Both nano hybrid OPA and OPS filler particle produced were crushed and irregular shape structures, and consists of silica and carbon as the major element composition, respectively. The OPA and OPS particle size ranged between 68-97 nm and 51-95 nm indicates their nanometric nature. The OPA shows high in the degree of crystallinity index at 66 %, while OPS were found to be low at 35 %. The characterization of kenaf fibre was identified using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and contact angle revealed the removal of cementing materials on the surface of fibre and increases in contact angle from 65 ° to 95 ° after extraction.