Synthetic Seeds

• Main Authors: I. Rusli, H. Sobri, M. Azhar
• Format: Conference Paper
• Language: English
• Published: 2013
• Subjects: Calcium alginate; Encapsulation radiation; Somatic embryos; Synthetic seeds
• Online Access: http://ddms.usim.edu.my/handle/123456789/6135

Synthetic seed refers to the encapsulation of somatic embryos (regenerative single cell) that functionally mimic the behaviours of true seeds and sprout into seedlings under suitable conditions. Under a broader definition, synthetic seeds include encapsulated buds, bulbs or any form of meristem tissues that can develop into a plant, which is beneficial for plant breeding. However, the improvement of this innovation based on the successful application of 'single cells' such as 'somatic embryos' instead of multi-cellular cells such as shoot tips or buds. The invention of synthetic seeds, or artificial seeds, involved improved development of encapsulation of somatic embryos using chemical formulation of radiation-treated alginate supplemented with other useful materials such as nutrients, fungicides, antibiotics and supplemented with growth hormones. In addition, incorporation of activated charcoal improved vigour and regeneration of growing embryos to plantlets. Encapsulation protects the somatic embryos. It provides favorable conditions for handling, storage and mechanical seeding. It also provides a suitable environment to support acclimatization of autotrophic micro-plantlets to field conditions. Alginate is an excellent encapsulating agent for smooth synthetic seeds. Calcium alginate gel beads are produced by dropping alginate solution into calcium chloride solution. Sodium alginate will complex when mixed with calcium chloride to form calcium alginate. Ionic bonds will be formed between carboxylic acid groups on the glucoronic acid molecules of alginate. Solidified alginate will form after 20 minutes in 50 mM calcium chloride solution. Gel beads with various sizes can be easily produced. Radiation-sterilized media will further reduce the chances of contamination.