Biochemical and electrophysiological responses in goats subjected to transportation, lairage, and slaughter
Food animal production involves routine husbandry procedures including handling, transportation, introduction to novel environments, and eventually slaughter. These activitiesincur stress and pain to the animals. Pre-slaughter management of these animals could impact the experience of pain at...
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my.upm.eprints.978722022-07-07T00:33:40Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97872/ Biochemical and electrophysiological responses in goats subjected to transportation, lairage, and slaughter Othman, Azalea Hani Food animal production involves routine husbandry procedures including handling, transportation, introduction to novel environments, and eventually slaughter. These activitiesincur stress and pain to the animals. Pre-slaughter management of these animals could impact the experience of pain at slaughter. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of stressors in routine livestock management, by the changes in haematological parameters, serum biochemical, stress hormone, electroencephalogram (EEG), and neuro-histological findings, in goats subjected to 1-, 2-, and 6-h road transportation, pre-slaughter 3-, 6-, and 16-h lairage, and slaughter. Goats exposed to 1-h road transportation showed higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (N:L), neutrophil counts, plasma cortisol concentrations (CORT), and serum creatine kinase (CK) at post-transportation and post-slaughter than at pre-transportation (baseline) period. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), plasma protein (PP) and hematocrit (PCV) did not vary from baseline. The EEG median frequency (F50) was significantly higher (p<0.05) at pre-slaughter than baseline suggesting increased arousal state, and remained high at post-slaughter period. It is suggested that the stress of handling, novel environment, and transportation increased slaughter pain threshold in goats through stress-induced analgesia (SIA) mechanism. Goats transported for 2 (T2) and 6 h (T6) showed significantly higher (p<0.05) neutrophil counts, serum CK and ALT concentrations than those at pre-transportation period. Based on the high CORT, goats of both transportation groups were already stressed prior to transportation. However, CORT value decreased and EEG unchanged after transportation, which could be attributed to adaptation of goats to the transportation conditions. Increased PCV and PP were also observed in the T6 goats, indicating dehydration. The T2 and T6 goats were subjected to lairage for either 3 (L3), 6 (L6) or 16 (L16) h before slaughter. Among treatment groups, the pre-slaughter F50 was highest in the goats subjected to 2-h transportation and 3-h lairage. The F50 values increased further at post-slaughter, which is evidence for nociception. Other groups showed decreased post-slaughter F50, indicating increased pain threshold. Based on histological findings, the highest prefrontal cortex (PFC) pyramidal cells c-Fos activities were in the T2-L6 goats. Together with increased serum CK from muscle damage, this manifestation is suggested to be associated with aggressive behaviour among goats. Increased PFC c-Fos activities in T6-L6 goats suggest involvement of SIA that had increased pain threshold. Increased EEG δ and θ power at post-slaughter indicate state of unconsciousness, which is proposed to also occur via the SIA mechanism. Based on the findings from the study, it is recommended that the length of lairage period after 2- and 6-h transportation should be between 6 to 16 h when aggressive physical interactions had reduced, for animals to experience minimal slaughter pain. The study showed that there is a relationship between activation of pyramidal cells c-Fos expression in the PFC of goats and the EEG responses to the stress and pain of slaughter. In conclusion, it is elucidated that emotional and cognitive elements of goats at pre-slaughter can affect stress regulation and influence the slaughter pain response in goats through the SIA mechanism. 2020-05 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97872/1/FPV%202021%204%20UPMIR.pdf Othman, Azalea Hani (2020) Biochemical and electrophysiological responses in goats subjected to transportation, lairage, and slaughter. Doctoral thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Goats - Effect of stress on Electrophysiology |
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Goats - Effect of stress on Electrophysiology Othman, Azalea Hani Biochemical and electrophysiological responses in goats subjected to transportation, lairage, and slaughter |
description |
Food animal production involves routine husbandry procedures including handling,
transportation, introduction to novel environments, and eventually slaughter. These
activitiesincur stress and pain to the animals. Pre-slaughter management of these animals
could impact the experience of pain at slaughter. Therefore, this study was conducted to
determine the effects of stressors in routine livestock management, by the changes in
haematological parameters, serum biochemical, stress hormone, electroencephalogram
(EEG), and neuro-histological findings, in goats subjected to 1-, 2-, and 6-h road
transportation, pre-slaughter 3-, 6-, and 16-h lairage, and slaughter.
Goats exposed to 1-h road transportation showed higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio
(N:L), neutrophil counts, plasma cortisol concentrations (CORT), and serum creatine
kinase (CK) at post-transportation and post-slaughter than at pre-transportation
(baseline) period. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase
(AST), plasma protein (PP) and hematocrit (PCV) did not vary from baseline. The EEG
median frequency (F50) was significantly higher (p<0.05) at pre-slaughter than baseline
suggesting increased arousal state, and remained high at post-slaughter period. It is
suggested that the stress of handling, novel environment, and transportation increased
slaughter pain threshold in goats through stress-induced analgesia (SIA) mechanism.
Goats transported for 2 (T2) and 6 h (T6) showed significantly higher (p<0.05) neutrophil
counts, serum CK and ALT concentrations than those at pre-transportation period. Based
on the high CORT, goats of both transportation groups were already stressed prior to
transportation. However, CORT value decreased and EEG unchanged after
transportation, which could be attributed to adaptation of goats to the transportation
conditions. Increased PCV and PP were also observed in the T6 goats, indicating
dehydration. The T2 and T6 goats were subjected to lairage for either 3 (L3), 6 (L6) or
16 (L16) h before slaughter. Among treatment groups, the pre-slaughter F50 was highest in the goats subjected to 2-h transportation and 3-h lairage. The F50 values increased
further at post-slaughter, which is evidence for nociception. Other groups showed
decreased post-slaughter F50, indicating increased pain threshold.
Based on histological findings, the highest prefrontal cortex (PFC) pyramidal cells c-Fos
activities were in the T2-L6 goats. Together with increased serum CK from muscle
damage, this manifestation is suggested to be associated with aggressive behaviour
among goats. Increased PFC c-Fos activities in T6-L6 goats suggest involvement of SIA
that had increased pain threshold. Increased EEG δ and θ power at post-slaughter indicate
state of unconsciousness, which is proposed to also occur via the SIA mechanism. Based
on the findings from the study, it is recommended that the length of lairage period after
2- and 6-h transportation should be between 6 to 16 h when aggressive physical
interactions had reduced, for animals to experience minimal slaughter pain.
The study showed that there is a relationship between activation of pyramidal cells c-Fos
expression in the PFC of goats and the EEG responses to the stress and pain of slaughter.
In conclusion, it is elucidated that emotional and cognitive elements of goats at pre-slaughter can affect stress regulation and influence the slaughter pain response in goats
through the SIA mechanism. |
format |
Thesis |
author |
Othman, Azalea Hani |
author_facet |
Othman, Azalea Hani |
author_sort |
Othman, Azalea Hani |
title |
Biochemical and electrophysiological responses in goats subjected to transportation, lairage, and slaughter |
title_short |
Biochemical and electrophysiological responses in goats subjected to transportation, lairage, and slaughter |
title_full |
Biochemical and electrophysiological responses in goats subjected to transportation, lairage, and slaughter |
title_fullStr |
Biochemical and electrophysiological responses in goats subjected to transportation, lairage, and slaughter |
title_full_unstemmed |
Biochemical and electrophysiological responses in goats subjected to transportation, lairage, and slaughter |
title_sort |
biochemical and electrophysiological responses in goats subjected to transportation, lairage, and slaughter |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97872/1/FPV%202021%204%20UPMIR.pdf http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97872/ |
_version_ |
1738512021492596736 |
score |
13.18916 |