A novel experimental study on the effects of soil and faults properties on tunnels induced by normal and reverse faults

Due to the world population increasing considerably, there is a need for efficient public transportation, such as the subway. However, it has become a major concern to geotechnical engineers that the development and construction of subways are held underground where faults exist, as it will be a maj...

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Main Authors: Ghafari, Mehdi, Nahazanan, Haslinda, Md Yusoff, Zainuddin, Nik Daud, Nik Norsyahariati
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2020
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87623/1/ABSTRACT.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87623/
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/11/3969
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spelling my.upm.eprints.876232022-07-06T08:32:27Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87623/ A novel experimental study on the effects of soil and faults properties on tunnels induced by normal and reverse faults Ghafari, Mehdi Nahazanan, Haslinda Md Yusoff, Zainuddin Nik Daud, Nik Norsyahariati Due to the world population increasing considerably, there is a need for efficient public transportation, such as the subway. However, it has become a major concern to geotechnical engineers that the development and construction of subways are held underground where faults exist, as it will be a major risk to any structure if the fault is still active. Several seismic events, such as the earthquakes in Taiwan in 1999, China in 2008, and Malaysia (Sabah) in 2015, caused by fault ruptures, signify the importance of this study. In this paper, a physical model of 1000 mm in height, 3000 mm in length, and 1000 mm in width, which is the largest single gravity (1g) model for simulation faults (normal and reverse) ever built, was fabricated to evaluate the influence of various soil properties, various fault angles, and tunnel depths on tunnels affected by normal and reverse faults. The effects of various soil properties, such as water content, particle size, cohesion, and friction angle, had revealed major changes (approximately by 34%, 39%, 64%, and 39%, respectively) in tunnel displacements. Results also showed that increasing of fault angle could increase the tunnel displacement as much as two times. In addition, when a tunnel is located close to the ground surface, 22% less displacement was found to have occurred to the tunnel. With the results obtained from the physical model, simulation had been made using plane strain and axial symmetry (PLAXIS) software. The comparison made between rock and soft soil showed that soft soil imposed two times more displacements than rock, and an existence of foundation in soft soil and rock can decrease the tunnel displacements by 6% and 4%, respectively. This paper asserts that besides the structural design of a tunnel, the geotechnical design also has a major impact on the safety and robustness of the tunnel, in which aspects such as soil properties, tunnel depth, and fault angle have a strong influence on tunnel damages which were not considered in previous research, despite their importance. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2020 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87623/1/ABSTRACT.pdf Ghafari, Mehdi and Nahazanan, Haslinda and Md Yusoff, Zainuddin and Nik Daud, Nik Norsyahariati (2020) A novel experimental study on the effects of soil and faults properties on tunnels induced by normal and reverse faults. Applied Sciences-Basel, 10 (11). pp. 1-16. ISSN 2076-3417 https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/11/3969 10.3390/app10113969
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
description Due to the world population increasing considerably, there is a need for efficient public transportation, such as the subway. However, it has become a major concern to geotechnical engineers that the development and construction of subways are held underground where faults exist, as it will be a major risk to any structure if the fault is still active. Several seismic events, such as the earthquakes in Taiwan in 1999, China in 2008, and Malaysia (Sabah) in 2015, caused by fault ruptures, signify the importance of this study. In this paper, a physical model of 1000 mm in height, 3000 mm in length, and 1000 mm in width, which is the largest single gravity (1g) model for simulation faults (normal and reverse) ever built, was fabricated to evaluate the influence of various soil properties, various fault angles, and tunnel depths on tunnels affected by normal and reverse faults. The effects of various soil properties, such as water content, particle size, cohesion, and friction angle, had revealed major changes (approximately by 34%, 39%, 64%, and 39%, respectively) in tunnel displacements. Results also showed that increasing of fault angle could increase the tunnel displacement as much as two times. In addition, when a tunnel is located close to the ground surface, 22% less displacement was found to have occurred to the tunnel. With the results obtained from the physical model, simulation had been made using plane strain and axial symmetry (PLAXIS) software. The comparison made between rock and soft soil showed that soft soil imposed two times more displacements than rock, and an existence of foundation in soft soil and rock can decrease the tunnel displacements by 6% and 4%, respectively. This paper asserts that besides the structural design of a tunnel, the geotechnical design also has a major impact on the safety and robustness of the tunnel, in which aspects such as soil properties, tunnel depth, and fault angle have a strong influence on tunnel damages which were not considered in previous research, despite their importance.
format Article
author Ghafari, Mehdi
Nahazanan, Haslinda
Md Yusoff, Zainuddin
Nik Daud, Nik Norsyahariati
spellingShingle Ghafari, Mehdi
Nahazanan, Haslinda
Md Yusoff, Zainuddin
Nik Daud, Nik Norsyahariati
A novel experimental study on the effects of soil and faults properties on tunnels induced by normal and reverse faults
author_facet Ghafari, Mehdi
Nahazanan, Haslinda
Md Yusoff, Zainuddin
Nik Daud, Nik Norsyahariati
author_sort Ghafari, Mehdi
title A novel experimental study on the effects of soil and faults properties on tunnels induced by normal and reverse faults
title_short A novel experimental study on the effects of soil and faults properties on tunnels induced by normal and reverse faults
title_full A novel experimental study on the effects of soil and faults properties on tunnels induced by normal and reverse faults
title_fullStr A novel experimental study on the effects of soil and faults properties on tunnels induced by normal and reverse faults
title_full_unstemmed A novel experimental study on the effects of soil and faults properties on tunnels induced by normal and reverse faults
title_sort novel experimental study on the effects of soil and faults properties on tunnels induced by normal and reverse faults
publisher Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publishDate 2020
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87623/1/ABSTRACT.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/87623/
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/11/3969
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score 13.18916