Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Major Bioactive Flavonoids from Spearmint (Mentha Spicata L.) Leaves
Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is an attractive alternative technique to conventional liquid extraction due to its several distinct properties. This novel interesting extraction method which was developed in 1960 is an energy efficient, economically viable and environmentally friendly proce...
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
2009
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/7793/1/FK_2009_59A.pdf http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/7793/ |
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| Summary: | Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is an attractive alternative technique to
conventional liquid extraction due to its several distinct properties. This novel
interesting extraction method which was developed in 1960 is an energy efficient,
economically viable and environmentally friendly process. This study evaluated the
effect of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction on the extraction yields and major
bioactive flavonoid compounds from the herbal matrices. Two basic extraction
methods were investigated: conventional soxhlet extraction (CSE) and supercritical
carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
(HPLC) was used to identify and quantify bioactive flavonoid compounds of
produced extracts. Results obtained from the two extraction methods were compared
for a higher extraction yield and concentration of flavonoid compounds. In the study
of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and conventional soxhlet extraction
spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) leaves were selected. For optimizing of SC-CO2 extraction process three most important variables including temperature, pressure
and extraction dynamic time have been studied. The full factorial in complete
randomize design (CRD) based on three levels and three factors was employed to
obtain the optimum condition for SFE. Based on the simultaneous optimization of
crude extract yield and concentration of flavonoid compounds the optimum
condition was found at temperature of 60 ᵒC, pressure of 200 bar and extraction
dynamic time of 60 min. In conventional soxhlet extraction study, different solvents
were used to evaluate the effect of different applied solvents on the extraction yield
and major bioactive flavonoid compounds. Ethanol: water (70:30) was found as a
preferable solvent among the other applied solvents due to its higher extraction yield,
flavonoid compounds concentration and lower toxicity effects. Compared with
supercritical carbon dioxide extraction the higher concentration of bioactive
flavonoid compounds was obtained and extraction time was reduced by applying
SC-CO2 extraction. However, the higher crude extract yields were obtained by using
conventional soxhlet extraction. The influence of co-solvent (modifier) on the
extraction yield and extracted flavonoid compounds from spearmint (Mentha spicata
L.) leaves was also studied. In this study ethanol acted as co-solvent to improve the
efficiency of polar compounds (flavonoids) extraction. Co-solvent flow rate of 6
g/min was found as a preferable modifier flow rate to obtain higher extraction yield
and bioactive flavonoid compounds concentration. |
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