Socio-ecological perspectives of engaging smallholders in environmental-friendly palm oil certification schemes

• Main Authors: Saadun, Norzanalia, Lim, Evelyn Ai Lin, Mohd Esa, Shakinah, Ngu, Freddy, Awang, Fatihah, Gimin, Akram, Johari, Izzah Hafizah, Firdaus, Muhammad Abrisam, Wagimin, Nurul Izati, Md Sharif, Badrul Azhar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2018
• Online Access: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/73924/1/Socio-ecological%20perspectives%20of%20engaging%20smallholders%20in%20environmental-friendly%20palm%20oil%20certification%20schemes.pdf; http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/73924/

The majority of smallholders in palm oil producing countries are not involved in palm oil certification schemes. The schemes are jointly developed by environmental NGOs, government agencies, and plantation companies without the input of smallholders. The inclusion of smallholders into palm oil certi...