Removal of Lead (II) By Nitric Acid-Modified Activated Carbon

The effect of varying physical and chemical properties of activated carbons on the adsorption of Pb2+ was studied by modifying commercial activated carbon with HNO3. The activated carbon was crushed and sieved into 200-300 m in size and modified with different concentration of nitric acid (3, 6 an...

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Main Author: Loo, Li Yin
Format: Thesis
Language:English
English
Published: 2006
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/540/1/600388_fs_2006_54_abstrak_je__dh_pdf_.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/540/
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spelling my.upm.eprints.5402013-05-27T06:49:07Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/540/ Removal of Lead (II) By Nitric Acid-Modified Activated Carbon Loo, Li Yin The effect of varying physical and chemical properties of activated carbons on the adsorption of Pb2+ was studied by modifying commercial activated carbon with HNO3. The activated carbon was crushed and sieved into 200-300 m in size and modified with different concentration of nitric acid (3, 6 and 9 M) at different reflux time (6, 12 and 24 hours), and labelled as AXCs. A portion of the AXCs was subjected to calcination process and assigned as HTs. Surface area and porosity of AXCs and HTs were characterized. The decreases in the surface area, micropore area and micropore volume of the AXCs was due to the increasing of the surface oxygen group. The presence of carboxylic groups has been proven from the DTG curve and FTIR spectra. The adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the efficiency of Pb2+ removal at different initial concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm) and different temperatures (303, 313, 323 and 333 K) by AXCs and HTs. The results showed that adsorption capacity of the AXCs is higher than that of HTs; the higher the concentration of nitric acid and the longer the refluxing time during the oxidation treatment the higher the percentage removal of the lead ion. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption equilibrium of Pb2+ obeyed the pseudo second-order and Langmuir isotherm model respectively, which indicates that the adsorption of Pb2+ by AXCs might be via chemisorption. The adsorption Pb2+ onto AXCs was found to be thermodynamically, spontaneous and exothermic reaction. The adsorption of Pb2+ in multi component system was also investigated. In the single system, the adsorption affinity of AXC(9)24 to the Pb2+ is greater than Cu2+ and Zn2+. The percentage removal of Pb2+ by AXC(9)24 decreased in the binary and ternary mixture system. The percentage removal of Pb2+ by Cu2+-loaded and Zn2+-loaded AXC(9)12 was lower then AXC(9)12. The competitive adsorption amongst Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ might be apparent for the multi component system. 2006-10 Thesis NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/540/1/600388_fs_2006_54_abstrak_je__dh_pdf_.pdf Loo, Li Yin (2006) Removal of Lead (II) By Nitric Acid-Modified Activated Carbon. Masters thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia. English
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
English
description The effect of varying physical and chemical properties of activated carbons on the adsorption of Pb2+ was studied by modifying commercial activated carbon with HNO3. The activated carbon was crushed and sieved into 200-300 m in size and modified with different concentration of nitric acid (3, 6 and 9 M) at different reflux time (6, 12 and 24 hours), and labelled as AXCs. A portion of the AXCs was subjected to calcination process and assigned as HTs. Surface area and porosity of AXCs and HTs were characterized. The decreases in the surface area, micropore area and micropore volume of the AXCs was due to the increasing of the surface oxygen group. The presence of carboxylic groups has been proven from the DTG curve and FTIR spectra. The adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the efficiency of Pb2+ removal at different initial concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm) and different temperatures (303, 313, 323 and 333 K) by AXCs and HTs. The results showed that adsorption capacity of the AXCs is higher than that of HTs; the higher the concentration of nitric acid and the longer the refluxing time during the oxidation treatment the higher the percentage removal of the lead ion. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption equilibrium of Pb2+ obeyed the pseudo second-order and Langmuir isotherm model respectively, which indicates that the adsorption of Pb2+ by AXCs might be via chemisorption. The adsorption Pb2+ onto AXCs was found to be thermodynamically, spontaneous and exothermic reaction. The adsorption of Pb2+ in multi component system was also investigated. In the single system, the adsorption affinity of AXC(9)24 to the Pb2+ is greater than Cu2+ and Zn2+. The percentage removal of Pb2+ by AXC(9)24 decreased in the binary and ternary mixture system. The percentage removal of Pb2+ by Cu2+-loaded and Zn2+-loaded AXC(9)12 was lower then AXC(9)12. The competitive adsorption amongst Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ might be apparent for the multi component system.
format Thesis
author Loo, Li Yin
spellingShingle Loo, Li Yin
Removal of Lead (II) By Nitric Acid-Modified Activated Carbon
author_facet Loo, Li Yin
author_sort Loo, Li Yin
title Removal of Lead (II) By Nitric Acid-Modified Activated Carbon
title_short Removal of Lead (II) By Nitric Acid-Modified Activated Carbon
title_full Removal of Lead (II) By Nitric Acid-Modified Activated Carbon
title_fullStr Removal of Lead (II) By Nitric Acid-Modified Activated Carbon
title_full_unstemmed Removal of Lead (II) By Nitric Acid-Modified Activated Carbon
title_sort removal of lead (ii) by nitric acid-modified activated carbon
publishDate 2006
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/540/1/600388_fs_2006_54_abstrak_je__dh_pdf_.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/540/
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score 13.209306