Synthesis mechanism of low-voltage Praseodymium oxide doped zinc oxide varistor ceramics prepared through modified citrate gel coating.
High demands on low-voltage electronics have increased the need for zinc oxide (ZnO) varistors with fast response, highly non-linear current-voltage characteristics and energy absorption capabilities at low breakdown voltage. However, trade-off between breakdown voltage and grain size poses a critic...
Saved in:
Main Authors: | , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English English |
Published: |
MDPI Publishing
2012
|
Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/25269/1/Synthesis%20mechanism%20of%20low-voltage%20Praseodymium%20oxide%20doped%20zinc%20oxide%20varistor%20ceramics%20prepared%20through%20modified%20citrate%20gel%20coating.pdf http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/25269/ |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
id |
my.upm.eprints.25269 |
---|---|
record_format |
eprints |
spelling |
my.upm.eprints.252692015-10-09T07:23:03Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/25269/ Synthesis mechanism of low-voltage Praseodymium oxide doped zinc oxide varistor ceramics prepared through modified citrate gel coating. Wan Abdullah, Wan Rafizah Zakaria, Azmi Mohd Ghazali, Mohd Sabri High demands on low-voltage electronics have increased the need for zinc oxide (ZnO) varistors with fast response, highly non-linear current-voltage characteristics and energy absorption capabilities at low breakdown voltage. However, trade-off between breakdown voltage and grain size poses a critical bottle-neck in the production of low-voltage varistors. The present study highlights the synthesis mechanism for obtaining praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11) based ZnO varistor ceramics having breakdown voltages of 2.8 to 13.3 V/mm through employment of direct modified citrate gel coating technique. Precursor powder and its ceramics were examined by means of TG/DTG, FTIR, XRD and FESEM analyses. The electrical properties as a function of Pr6O11 addition were analyzed on the basis of I-V characteristic measurement. The breakdown voltage could be adjusted from 0.01 to 0.06 V per grain boundary by controlling the amount of Pr6O11 from 0.2 to 0.8 mol%, without alteration of the grain size. The non-linearity coefficient, α, varied from 3.0 to 3.5 and the barrier height ranged from 0.56 to 0.64 eV. Breakdown voltage and α lowering with increasing Pr6O11 content were associated to reduction in the barrier height caused by variation in O vacancies at grain boundary. MDPI Publishing 2012-04 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/25269/1/Synthesis%20mechanism%20of%20low-voltage%20Praseodymium%20oxide%20doped%20zinc%20oxide%20varistor%20ceramics%20prepared%20through%20modified%20citrate%20gel%20coating.pdf Wan Abdullah, Wan Rafizah and Zakaria, Azmi and Mohd Ghazali, Mohd Sabri (2012) Synthesis mechanism of low-voltage Praseodymium oxide doped zinc oxide varistor ceramics prepared through modified citrate gel coating. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 13 (4). pp. 5278-5289. ISSN 1422-0067 10.3390/ijms13045278 English |
institution |
Universiti Putra Malaysia |
building |
UPM Library |
collection |
Institutional Repository |
continent |
Asia |
country |
Malaysia |
content_provider |
Universiti Putra Malaysia |
content_source |
UPM Institutional Repository |
url_provider |
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/ |
language |
English English |
description |
High demands on low-voltage electronics have increased the need for zinc oxide (ZnO) varistors with fast response, highly non-linear current-voltage characteristics and energy absorption capabilities at low breakdown voltage. However, trade-off between breakdown voltage and grain size poses a critical bottle-neck in the production of low-voltage varistors. The present study highlights the synthesis mechanism for obtaining praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11) based ZnO varistor ceramics having breakdown voltages of 2.8 to 13.3 V/mm through employment of direct modified citrate gel coating technique. Precursor powder and its ceramics were examined by means of TG/DTG, FTIR, XRD and FESEM analyses. The electrical properties as a function of Pr6O11 addition were analyzed on the basis of I-V characteristic measurement. The breakdown voltage could be adjusted from 0.01 to 0.06 V per grain boundary by controlling the amount of Pr6O11 from 0.2 to 0.8 mol%, without alteration of the grain size. The non-linearity coefficient, α, varied from 3.0 to 3.5 and the barrier height ranged from 0.56 to 0.64 eV. Breakdown voltage and α lowering with increasing Pr6O11 content were associated to reduction in the barrier height caused by variation in O vacancies at grain boundary. |
format |
Article |
author |
Wan Abdullah, Wan Rafizah Zakaria, Azmi Mohd Ghazali, Mohd Sabri |
spellingShingle |
Wan Abdullah, Wan Rafizah Zakaria, Azmi Mohd Ghazali, Mohd Sabri Synthesis mechanism of low-voltage Praseodymium oxide doped zinc oxide varistor ceramics prepared through modified citrate gel coating. |
author_facet |
Wan Abdullah, Wan Rafizah Zakaria, Azmi Mohd Ghazali, Mohd Sabri |
author_sort |
Wan Abdullah, Wan Rafizah |
title |
Synthesis mechanism of low-voltage Praseodymium oxide doped zinc oxide varistor ceramics prepared through modified citrate gel coating. |
title_short |
Synthesis mechanism of low-voltage Praseodymium oxide doped zinc oxide varistor ceramics prepared through modified citrate gel coating. |
title_full |
Synthesis mechanism of low-voltage Praseodymium oxide doped zinc oxide varistor ceramics prepared through modified citrate gel coating. |
title_fullStr |
Synthesis mechanism of low-voltage Praseodymium oxide doped zinc oxide varistor ceramics prepared through modified citrate gel coating. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Synthesis mechanism of low-voltage Praseodymium oxide doped zinc oxide varistor ceramics prepared through modified citrate gel coating. |
title_sort |
synthesis mechanism of low-voltage praseodymium oxide doped zinc oxide varistor ceramics prepared through modified citrate gel coating. |
publisher |
MDPI Publishing |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/25269/1/Synthesis%20mechanism%20of%20low-voltage%20Praseodymium%20oxide%20doped%20zinc%20oxide%20varistor%20ceramics%20prepared%20through%20modified%20citrate%20gel%20coating.pdf http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/25269/ |
_version_ |
1643828610879979520 |
score |
13.18916 |