How do management decisions impact butterfly assemblages in smallholding oil palm plantations in Peninsular Malaysia?

• Main Authors: Harianja, Martina F., Stone, Jake, Mamat, Wan Z. W., Hadi, Muhamad A., Luke, Sarah H., Azhar, Badrul, Turner, Edgar C.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: John Wiley and Sons 2024
• Online Access: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/112051/1/112051.pdf; http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/112051/; https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1365-2664.14615

In the world's leading palm oil-producing countries (Indonesia and Malaysia), smallholders make up about 40 per cent of total oil palm plantation area. Management in smallholdings can be highly variable, ranging from intensive monoculture to polyculture systems, especially in the earlier years...