Mediating role of psychological distress on the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and burnout among healthcare providers: a cross-sectional study in Selangor, Malaysia

• Main Authors: Ching, Siew-Mooi, Thurasamy, Ramayah, Cheong, Ai Theng, Yee, Anne, Lim, Poh Ying, Ismail, Irmi Zarina, Ng, Jun Ying, Ooi, Pei Boon, Lee, Kai Wei, Rasina Nilofer, Jabarulla Khan, Zamzurina, Asmuee, Rajini Ann, S. Ratnasingamp, Teoh, See Wie, Hassan, Noor Hasliza
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Universiti Putra Malaysia 2023
• Online Access: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109463/1/2023121810015412_MJMHS_0243.pdf; http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109463/; https://medic.upm.edu.my/upload/dokumen/2023121810015412_MJMHS_0243.pdf

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mental health of primary healthcare providers in Malaysia, focusing specifically on the role of depression, anxiety, and stress in mediating the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and burnout. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 1280 healthcare providers from 30 government primary care clinics. Participants completed several scales, including the COVID-19 Fear Scale, Copenhagen Burn Inventory Scale, and DASS-21 Scale, and mediation analysis was performed using Smart-PLS. Results: The majority of respondents were female (82.4%) and Malays (82.3%), with a mean age of 36 years and an average working experience of 11 years. Nurses (47.4%) were the largest group, followed by doctors (26%), medical assistants (11.9%), healthcare assistants (7.1%), medical laboratory technicians (6.4%), and drivers (1.3%). The findings revealed that fear of COVID-19 was positively associated with psychological distress, such as depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as burnout. Additionally, psychological distress played a mediating role in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and three domains of burnout: personal burnout (β=0.154, p<0.001), work-related burnout (β=0.187, p<0.001), and client-related burnout (β=0.175, p<0.001). Conclusion: These results highlight the need for interventions to address the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare providers, particularly in reducing depression, anxiety, and stress, which were found to play a positive mediating role in the development of burnout.