Effect of process variables in supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of tocotrienols from hydrolyzed palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD)

• Main Authors: Othman, Najwa, Gun, H. Chong, M. Azman, Ezzat, Suleiman, Norhidayah
• Format: Article
• Published: Wiley 2022
• Online Access: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101134/; https://ifst.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jfpp.16533

The recovery of tocotrienols from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), a by-product of palm oil, is of economic and environmental interest. In this study tocotrienols were extracted from PFAD using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) at different temperatures (40–60°C) and pressures (20–40 MPa). The optimal process conditions were estimated to be 20 MPa and 53°C for 300 min and a CO2 flow rate of 32 ± 2 g/min, with 16.45 mg/g of tocotrienols extracted. Two modifications to the extraction process were then made at the optimal conditions. First, 180 min of static extraction was added before the dynamic extraction; and second, the solvent polarity was altered by adding 0.075 ml/g ethanol to the scCO2 system. These modifications significantly increased the tocotrienol extraction, to 23.62 mg/g and 30.03 mg/g, respectively. The use of scCO2 for the extraction of tocotrienols shows great potential, which might be extended to other compounds.