Effectiveness of various solvents in themicrowave-assisted extraction of cellulose from oil palm mesocarp fiber
Cellulose is a valuable resource for organic synthesis owing to its low cost, abundance, and sustainability. However, crystalline cellulose in lignocellulosic biomass is frequently smothered by the recalcitrant amorphous layers of lignin and hemicellulose that limit its extractability. Therefore, th...
Saved in:
Main Authors: | , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Published: |
Elsevier
2022
|
Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101070/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214785321077610 |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
id |
my.upm.eprints.101070 |
---|---|
record_format |
eprints |
spelling |
my.upm.eprints.1010702023-06-17T23:44:42Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101070/ Effectiveness of various solvents in themicrowave-assisted extraction of cellulose from oil palm mesocarp fiber Mohd Azlan, Nadiah Syafiqah Yap, Chiew Lin Gan, Suyin Abdul Rahman, Mohd Basyaruddin Cellulose is a valuable resource for organic synthesis owing to its low cost, abundance, and sustainability. However, crystalline cellulose in lignocellulosic biomass is frequently smothered by the recalcitrant amorphous layers of lignin and hemicellulose that limit its extractability. Therefore, this study aimed to find the best solvent to combine with a microwave-assisted method for fast and efficient extraction of cellulose from oil palm mesocarp fiber. Results showed that γ-valerolactone gave the highest average cellulose yield (64.0%), followed by protic solvents viz. 2-butoxyethanol (62.8%) and ethyl lactate (57.3%), however, there was no statistical difference (p > 0.05) between the three solvents. Crystalline cellulose in biomass seems to interact with aprotic solvent via dipole–dipole interactions slightly more efficiently than with protic solvent via hydrogen bonds. However, as an aprotic solvent, ethyl acetate showed an exception low cellulose yield (50.7%), presumably due to its boiling point which is lower than the operating temperature. Among all, ILs ([BMIM][Cl], [HMIM][HSO4] and [EMIM][Ac]) performed the poorest giving only 36.0% to 52.0% of cellulose yields. The mixture of [HMIM][HSO4]/γ-valerolactone (1:1, v/v) performed similar to the sole [HMIM][HSO4]. Overall, the combination of γ-valerolactone and microwave extraction allowed a high yield of cellulose to be achieved within a short period of 2 min, at a relatively low temperature of 140 °C, although faint hydrolysis into glucose was detected. The cellulose extracted from γ-valerolactone showed a higher crystallinity index (46.81%) than raw biomass (24.06%), indicating a high purity product and the removal of amorphous portion. Elsevier 2022 Article PeerReviewed Mohd Azlan, Nadiah Syafiqah and Yap, Chiew Lin and Gan, Suyin and Abdul Rahman, Mohd Basyaruddin (2022) Effectiveness of various solvents in themicrowave-assisted extraction of cellulose from oil palm mesocarp fiber. Materials Today: Proceedings, 59 (pt. 1). pp. 583-590. ISSN 2214-7853 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214785321077610 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.12.086 |
institution |
Universiti Putra Malaysia |
building |
UPM Library |
collection |
Institutional Repository |
continent |
Asia |
country |
Malaysia |
content_provider |
Universiti Putra Malaysia |
content_source |
UPM Institutional Repository |
url_provider |
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/ |
description |
Cellulose is a valuable resource for organic synthesis owing to its low cost, abundance, and sustainability. However, crystalline cellulose in lignocellulosic biomass is frequently smothered by the recalcitrant amorphous layers of lignin and hemicellulose that limit its extractability. Therefore, this study aimed to find the best solvent to combine with a microwave-assisted method for fast and efficient extraction of cellulose from oil palm mesocarp fiber. Results showed that γ-valerolactone gave the highest average cellulose yield (64.0%), followed by protic solvents viz. 2-butoxyethanol (62.8%) and ethyl lactate (57.3%), however, there was no statistical difference (p > 0.05) between the three solvents. Crystalline cellulose in biomass seems to interact with aprotic solvent via dipole–dipole interactions slightly more efficiently than with protic solvent via hydrogen bonds. However, as an aprotic solvent, ethyl acetate showed an exception low cellulose yield (50.7%), presumably due to its boiling point which is lower than the operating temperature. Among all, ILs ([BMIM][Cl], [HMIM][HSO4] and [EMIM][Ac]) performed the poorest giving only 36.0% to 52.0% of cellulose yields. The mixture of [HMIM][HSO4]/γ-valerolactone (1:1, v/v) performed similar to the sole [HMIM][HSO4]. Overall, the combination of γ-valerolactone and microwave extraction allowed a high yield of cellulose to be achieved within a short period of 2 min, at a relatively low temperature of 140 °C, although faint hydrolysis into glucose was detected. The cellulose extracted from γ-valerolactone showed a higher crystallinity index (46.81%) than raw biomass (24.06%), indicating a high purity product and the removal of amorphous portion. |
format |
Article |
author |
Mohd Azlan, Nadiah Syafiqah Yap, Chiew Lin Gan, Suyin Abdul Rahman, Mohd Basyaruddin |
spellingShingle |
Mohd Azlan, Nadiah Syafiqah Yap, Chiew Lin Gan, Suyin Abdul Rahman, Mohd Basyaruddin Effectiveness of various solvents in themicrowave-assisted extraction of cellulose from oil palm mesocarp fiber |
author_facet |
Mohd Azlan, Nadiah Syafiqah Yap, Chiew Lin Gan, Suyin Abdul Rahman, Mohd Basyaruddin |
author_sort |
Mohd Azlan, Nadiah Syafiqah |
title |
Effectiveness of various solvents in themicrowave-assisted extraction of cellulose from oil palm mesocarp fiber |
title_short |
Effectiveness of various solvents in themicrowave-assisted extraction of cellulose from oil palm mesocarp fiber |
title_full |
Effectiveness of various solvents in themicrowave-assisted extraction of cellulose from oil palm mesocarp fiber |
title_fullStr |
Effectiveness of various solvents in themicrowave-assisted extraction of cellulose from oil palm mesocarp fiber |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effectiveness of various solvents in themicrowave-assisted extraction of cellulose from oil palm mesocarp fiber |
title_sort |
effectiveness of various solvents in themicrowave-assisted extraction of cellulose from oil palm mesocarp fiber |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101070/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214785321077610 |
_version_ |
1769844406750281728 |
score |
13.18916 |