Biphasic pretreatment excels over conventional sulfuric acid in pinewood biorefinery: An environmental analysis

• Main Authors: Khounani Z., Abdul Razak N.N., Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha H., Madadi M., Sun F., Mohammadi P., Mahlia T.M.I., Aghbashlo M., Tabatabaei M.
• Other Authors: 57194331497
• Format: Article
• Published: Academic Press Inc. 2025
• Subjects: Biofuels; Biomass; Biotechnology; Ecosystem; Humans; Hydrolysis; Lignin; Pentanols; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sulfuric Acids; biofuel; lignin; pentanol; sulfuric acid; biomass; biotechnology; ecosystem; human; hydrolysis; procedures

This study assesses the environmental impact of pine chip-based biorefinery processes, focusing on bioethanol, xylonic acid, and lignin production. A cradle-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is employed, comparing a novel biphasic pretreatment method (p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH)/pentanol, Sc-1) with conventional sulfuric acid pretreatment (H2SO4, Sc-2). The analysis spans biomass handling, pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, yeast fermentation, and distillation. Sc-1 yielded an environmental impact of 1.45E+01 kPt, predominantly affecting human health (96.55%), followed by ecosystems (3.07%) and resources (0.38%). Bioethanol, xylonic acid, and lignin contributed 32.61%, 29.28%, and 38.11% to the total environmental burdens, respectively. Sc-2 resulted in an environmental burden of 1.64E+01 kPt, with a primary impact on human health (96.56%) and smaller roles for ecosystems (3.07%) and resources (0.38%). Bioethanol, xylonic acid, and lignin contributed differently at 22.59%, 12.5%, and 64.91%, respectively. Electricity generation was predominant in both scenarios, accounting for 99.05% of the environmental impact, primarily driven by its extensive usage in biomass handling and pretreatment processes. Sc-1 demonstrated a 13.05% lower environmental impact than Sc-2 due to decreased electricity consumption and increased bioethanol and xylonic acid outputs. This study highlights the pivotal role of pretreatment methods in wood-based biorefineries and underscores the urgency of sustainable alternatives like TsOH/pentanol. Additionally, adopting greener electricity generation, advanced technologies, and process optimization are crucial for reducing the environmental footprint of waste-based biorefineries while preserving valuable bioproduct production. ? 2024 Elsevier Inc.