Observation of tropical positive cloud-to-ground flashes accompanied by chaotic and regular pulse trains

• Main Authors: Mohammad Sabri M.H., Ahmad M.R., Takayanagi Y., Edris M.Z.B., Shamsul Baharin S.A., Morimoto T., Kawasaki Z.-I., Baharuddin M.Z., Cooray V.
• Other Authors: 57200560218
• Format: Article
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 2025
• Subjects: Clouds; Lightning protection; Tropics; Chaotic pulse; Chaotic pulse train; Initial breakdown pulse; Positive cloud-to-ground flashes; Pulse train; Recoil leader; Regular pulse train; Return stroke; Tropical thunderstorm; Thunderstorms

This study investigates the occurrence of chaotic pulse trains (CPTs) and regular pulse trains (RPTs) in tropical positive cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flashes. These flashes are categorized into four types based on the initial polarity of the initial breakdown (IB) pulses and their relationship t...